大兴安岭林区森林退化对土壤微生物群落功能的影响  

Effects of Forest Degradation on Soil Microbial Communities in Daxing'an Mountains

作　　者：逄好胜 张会慧[1] 李鑫[1] 丁伟鹏[1] 胡举伟[1] 林晗婧[1] 敖红[1] 孙广玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《森林工程》2015年第3期25-30,共6页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD08B02-3)

摘　　要：大兴安岭林区的山地草原化是森林退化的主要标志,研究山地草原化土壤微生物功能的演替对其植被恢复具有重要意义。为此,本试验利用Biolog方法,以大兴安岭加格达奇林区3种山地植被退化类型（蒙古栎林、灌草丛和草地植被群落）为研究对象,探讨山地草原化土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力。结果表明：3种植被退化类型的土壤微生物利用多种碳源的能力明显不同,其中,代表微生物活性的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）在0.25~0.39之间,其大小为灌草丛〉蒙古栎林〉草地,灌草丛和草地的AWCD达到显著差异水平（P〈0.05）。物种多样性指数和碳源丰富度指数的变化规律与AWCD相似。3种植被退化类型的土壤微生物利用碳源存在较大差异,对氨基酸类碳源的利用表现为蒙古栎林〉灌草丛〉草地,而对氨/胺类碳源的利用呈现相反趋势。说明大兴安岭林区的山地草原化引起土壤微生物群落功能多样性的下降,有关碳源底物利用的微生物数量及活性明显降低,并且微生物对单一碳源底物的利用能力也呈降低趋势。Changing to grassland is the main indicator of forest degradation in Daxing＇an Mountains, and the study on the succes- sion of microbial function is of great significance to restore the vegetation. By using Biolog technique, the soil microbial＇s ability of uti- lizing a variety of carbon sources under different levels of vegetation degeneration（ Mongolian oak forest, shrub and grassland）was ana- lyzed. The results showed that ： there were significant differences between three types of degenerated soil microbial in the ability of u- sing carbon sources, which, the average well color development（AWCD）fluctuated between 0. 25 to 0. 39, and the descending order is ： shrub 〉 Mongolian oak forest 〉 grassland. The AWCD values of shrub and grassland were significantly different（P 〈 0. 05）. The species diversity index-Shannon index（H）, and carbon source utilization richness index（S） presented similar tendency. Differences in carbon utilization existed between the three types of vegetation. The descending order of amino acids utilization was Mongolian oak for- est 〉 shrub 〉 grassland, and order of utilization of amines/amides was on the contrary, which showed that forest changing to grassland in Daxing＇an Mountains lower the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, suppressed the quantity and activity of soil micro- bial that use carbon sources, and decreased the capability of microbial using single carbon substrates.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 森林退化 土壤微生物群落 BIOLOG 碳源利用 

分 类 号：S791.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]