就餐行为对北京市居民食盐摄入量的影响  

The influence of dietary behaviors on salt intake among residents in Beijing

作　　者：刘玉茹[1] 赵霞[1] 隗金华[1] 孔祥华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心,北京102488

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2015年第6期401-404,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国健康与营养调查项目(R01HD030880-15)

摘　　要：目的分析就餐行为对北京市居民食盐摄入量的影响,为开展健康教育,预防慢性病提供科学依据。方法使用2011年中国健康与营养调查中＂膳食调查＂数据,通过3d24h膳食回顾法和称重法获得北京市954名18岁及以上居民的食盐摄入量和就餐行为信息,用χ^2检验、Fisher精确概率法、多因素logistic回归法进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果被调查的954人中,一日三餐规律者占91.61%,有68.66%的居民正餐外吃零食,在家用早、中、晚餐者分别占75.28%、69.87%和93.84%。平均每标准人日食盐摄入量为14.29g,超过6g的占89.83%,单纯食盐摄入量为8.92g,其他来源为5.37g。城区和郊区居民就餐行为比较,城区居民早餐更规律（562人,94.75%）,城区居民食用零食更多（502人,84.94%）;在家吃早餐居民中每日食盐摄入量超过6g的占73.68%,低于在外吃早餐的居民（P〈0.05）,在家吃早餐更易控制食盐摄入量（OR=0.39,95%CI：0.225~0.680）;正餐外吃零食的居民中每日食盐摄入量超过6g的占66.74%,低于不吃零食的居民（P〈0.05）。结论北京市居民食盐摄入量偏高,有增加趋势,不利于慢性病的预防控制,在外吃早餐可能会使居民增加食盐摄入量,应进一步加强宣传教育,提倡清淡少盐饮食。Objective To discuss the influence of dietary behaviors on dietary salt intake among residents in Beijing. Methods Cross-sectional data of residents aged 18 years and above in Beijing were obtained from 2011 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. The relationship between the consumption of dietary salt and eating habits was assessed through three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and by food weighting. Dietary salt intake was compared with the recommended daily amount of salt by Dietary Guidelines for Chinese. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results Out of 954 residents surveyed, 91.61% of participants reported of having regular breakfast, lunch and dinner, re- spectively. 68.66% of residents claimed of having snacks besides regular meals. There were 75. 28%, 69.87% and 93. 84% participants who had their breakfast, lunch and dinner at home. The average amount of dietary salt intake was 14.29 g per day, including 8.92 g from pure salt and 5.37 g from other sources. 89.83% of residents consumed more than 6 g dietary salt per day. More residents in urban areas than in suburb areas had regular breakfast （562, 94. 75%） and snack （502, 84. 94%）. While, the percentage of residents who consumed more than 6 g of salt per day was significantly lower among those who had breakfast at home compared with those who had breakfast outside （P〈0.05）. Adults having breakfast at home were less likely to intake more than 6 g dietary salt per day （OR： 0.39, 95% CI：0. 225-0. 680）. There were 66.74% of residents whose dietary salt intake was above 6 g per day among those who had habits of having snacks, which was significantly lower compared with those who did not （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The amount of dietary salt intake of residents in Beijing is relatively high, especially among those who have their breakfast outside. Therefore, health education should be further strengthened to promote low-salt diets in order to con- trol chr

关 键 词：食盐摄入量 就餐行为 慢性病 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]