汽车碰撞中颈部肌肉组织神经兴奋性对乘员损伤影响的研究  

An Investigation into the Effects of Neck Muscle Neural Excitation on Occupant Injury During Vehicle Crash

作　　者：金景旭[1,2] 张君媛[1] 周浩[1] 黄旭弘 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春130025 [2]湖南大学,汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082 [3]吉林大学机械科学与工程学院,长春130025

出　　处：《汽车工程》2015年第5期510-515,525,共7页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：长春市科技计划项目(12ZX19);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室开放基金项目(31115004)资助

摘　　要：为研究汽车碰撞中神经兴奋性引起颈部肌肉力的变化对乘员损伤的影响,建立了低速正面碰撞与追尾碰撞模型,对乘员运动响应进行了仿真分析。然后使用汽车驾驶模拟器采集真实驾驶员颈部主要肌肉的肌电信号,验证了仿真结果的有效性。结果表明,在低速工况下,颈部肌肉紧张会约束头颈部的运动,头部有后倾上扬趋势,颈部受力大小有所增加。考虑颈部肌肉组织的神经兴奋性,能更真实地再现碰撞中乘员头部和颈部的运动响应,为颈部损伤评价准则的修正和乘员心理和生理变化对人体损伤影响的研究提供参考。In order to study the influence of the change in neck muscle force caused by neural excitation on occupant injury during vehicle crash, both frontal and rear low-speed impact models are built and the kinematic re- sponse of occupant is simulated. Then a vehicle driving simulator is used to collect the EMG signals of major neck muscles, verifying the effectiveness of simulation results. The results show that in low speed condition the movement of neck is confined by muscle tension and the head tends to incline backward with a certain increase in neck muscle force. With consideration of the neural excitation of neck muscle, the kinematic response of occupant head and neck can be reproduced more truly, providing an effective reference for the amendment of neck injury evaluation criteria and the study on the effects of occupant＇s psychological and physiological changes on human body injury.

关 键 词：正面碰撞 追尾碰撞 神经兴奋性 颈部肌肉 颈部损伤 

分 类 号：R642[医药卫生—外科学] U467.14[医药卫生—临床医学]