中度智障儿童短时记忆广度的实验研究  

An Experimental Study of the Short-Term Memory Span of Moderately Retarded Children

作　　者：杨福义[1] 王琰[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心,上海200030

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2015年第6期22-28,共7页Chinese Journal of Special Education

摘　　要：本研究以上海市两所培智学校的50名四至九年级中度智障学生为被试,采用混合实验设计,编制了数字、汉字和图片三种记忆材料,以视觉、听觉、视听结合三种不同呈现方式对中度智障儿童进行短时记忆广度研究,旨在探讨中度智障儿童短时记忆广度的特点及影响因素。研究结果表明:中度智障儿童的短时记忆广度小于普通儿童;按顺序回忆时的短时记忆广度明显小于忽略顺序时的记忆广度;不同刺激呈现方式对中度智障儿童的短时记忆广度存在显著影响,视听结合呈现方式时的短时记忆广度显著大于单一视觉或听觉呈现方式;不同材料类型对中度智障儿童的短时记忆广度存在显著影响,数字的短时记忆广度显著大于汉字和图片,图片的短时记忆广度大于汉字;中度智障儿童的短时记忆广度不存在显著的性别和年级差异。This study,based on a survey of 50 moderately retarded students in grades 4- 9 from 2 special education schools in Shanghai in a mixed experimental design with such materials as numbers,Chinese characters and pictures,along with visual,audio and audio-visual modes of presentation,aims to explore the short-term memory span of moderately retarded children and its relevant factors. The results show the following： The moderately retarded children show a smaller short-term memory span than normal children;they show a significantly smaller short-term memory span during sequential recalling; different modes of stimulation have a significant effect on their short-term memory span,and they show a larger short-term memory span when the audio-visual mode is used; different types of materials show a significant effect on their short-term memory span： they show a significantly larger short-term memory span when numbers other than Chinese characters or pictures are used,and when pictures other than Chinese characters are used;their short-term memory span show no significant gender or grade difference.

关 键 词：中度智障儿童 短时记忆广度 实验研究 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]