基于全球导航卫星系统的智能化精细平地系统优化与试验  

Optimization of GNSS-controlled land leveling system and related experiments

作　　者：李笑[1] 李宏鹏[1] 牛东岭 王岩[1] 刘刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学现代精细农业系统集成研究教育部重点实验室,农业部农业信息获取技术重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第3期48-55,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2011AA100505)

摘　　要：农田土地精细平整是中国现代地面精细灌溉的重要基础,能提高农田灌溉均匀度,改良土壤水盐分布,控制杂草,达到节水增产的效果。应用GNSS(global navigation satellite system,全球导航卫星系统)技术进行土地精细平整具有不受天气影响、测量速度快、工作效率高等优点,具有广泛应用前景。该文结合中国土地平整的实际情况和前期的研究成果,开发了适合国内应用的GNSS控制平地系统,降低了研发的设备成本,优化完善了平地系统的功能。为减少分立设备数量,提高系统集成度,设计了集成控制终端,集成GNSS接收模块、差分电台模块、核心处理平台和阀控制模块,并设计了集成控制终端的外壳,通过可旋转调整支架固定在拖拉机驾驶室内,具有良好的防尘、降温和牢固等优点;为完善地形测量功能,增加了测量轨迹的实时显示,以及农田面积等地势信息的计算,便于指导后续平整作业;优化了基准设计,建立了坡面平整的数学模型,实现了任意坡度坡面平整。优化后的系统主要由集成控制终端、自主差分GNSS接收设备、液压系统以及平地铲运设备几部分构成;以Visual Studio2008为系统软件开发环境,GNSS精细平整集成软件能够实现农田地势测量、基准设计及平整作业等功能。该智能平地系统在中国农业大学上庄试验站进行了长时间平整实验,平面平整后最大高程差从20.9降到10.5 cm,高程标准差从10.6降到5.5 cm,平地误差小于5 cm的测点累积百分比从77%上升到90%左右,平整效果良好。坡面平整的坡度从0.239%降到0.120%,符合设计要求。结果表明,系统工作稳定可靠,作业精度满足土地精细平整要求,适用于在中国推广应用。Precise land leveling of farmlands is an important foundation of modern ground irrigation system. It can improve the uniformity of irrigation as well as soil water and salt distribution, thus controlling weeds, saving water and increasing yield. The application of GNSS（global navigation satellite system）-controlled land leveling technology is protected from weather. Besides, it has high speed and working efficiency, which earns broad application prospects. Combined with the actual situation of land leveling in China as well as the early research work, based on GNSS-controlled land leveling technology, the paper developed a leveling system which is suitable for China. The system reduces the cost of equipment and optimizes its leveling function. To reduce the number of discrete devices and improve system integration, the paper designed an integrated control terminal, including an integrated GNSS receiver module, a differential radio module, a core processing platform and a valve control module. The paper also designed the outer covering of integrated control terminal. It can be rotated to adjust the bracket through the tractor cab, and it is protected from dust, making it convenient to operate. To optimize topographic survey, the paper acquired more terrain information, for instance, the area of farmlands, which guides the later leveling operations. It also adds function of real-time display of measurement tracks. What＇s more, it optimizes the reference design to achieve any grade slope leveling by building a mathematic model and solve it. The optimized system consists of integrated intelligent control terminals, independent differential GNSS receiver module, hydraulic system and flat shovel equipment. Meanwhile, based on Visual Studio 2008 as the development environment, the integrated software helps a lot to land leveling. The software has accomplished the function of topographic survey, reference design and leveling operation. The intelligent precise leveling system has been applied for long experiment on

关 键 词：土地利用 优化:试验 GNSS控制平地技术 地形测量 平整作业 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]