点电荷场中的重力单摆及简谐振动  

GRAVITY PENDULUM AND HARMONIC VIBRATION IN THE FIELD OF POINT CHARGE

作　　者：唐安琪[1] 陈钢[1] 朱国斌[1] 李成金[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学物理与光电能源学部,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《物理与工程》2015年第3期79-83,共5页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：苏州大学2013年重点教改项目--基础物理"大班授课;小班研讨"新型教学模式的探索与实践;苏州大学2014年度"苏大课程2014-31工程"微课程建设项目--电磁学

摘　　要：单摆是力学中的最基本模型,点电荷电场是电学中的最基本模型.将带电小球单摆置于点电荷电场中,带电小球既受到重力作用也受到点电荷电场的作用,由于点电荷电场是非均匀场,带电小球在重力的均匀场和点电荷的非均匀电场中摆动.本文讨论了带电小球做简谐振动的条件,发现在点电荷非均匀场中带电小球做小幅摆动仍可产生简谐运动,给出简谐振动的周期,并指出其等效场的意义.Pendulum is the most basic model in mechanics, and the electric field of point charge is the basic model of electricity. The charged ball pendulum is placed in the electric field of point charge. The charged small ball is not only affected by gravity but also affected by the electric field of point charge. Because of the electric field of point charge is non-uniform field, the charged ball swings in a uniform gravitational field and a non-uniform electric field of a point charge. In this article, we discuss the conditions of harmonic vibration for the charged ball, which still yields a simple harmonic motion in the non-uniform field of point charge under during a small swing process. Period of the simple harmonic vibration is given, and signifi- cance of the equivalent field is pointed out.

关 键 词：点电荷电场 单摆 简谐振动 等效 

分 类 号：O314[理学—一般力学与力学基础]