试析清华简《筮法》中的卦气思想  

On the Gua-qi Theory Conceived in Qinghua Bamboo-slip Shi fa (Method of Divination)

作　　者：韩慧英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院汉语国际推广研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《周易研究》2015年第3期36-46,共11页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：清华简《筮法》的问世,使我们在探索"卦气"思想来龙去脉的进程中又迈进了一步。首先,清华简《筮法·至》的"四正之卦见,乃至"及相关卦象,与卦气思想中"四正卦"之说相契合。其次,从挂扐数"五、九、四、八"及"太乙九宫占盘"来看,《筮法·得》所谓春夏秋冬"见八"、"见五"、"见九"、"见四"与《淮南子》等所记各月对应数字"八、七、五、九、六",皆言"卦气"并用于占。再次,《筮法·卦位图、人身图》中"雷树收藏"对应"震劳兑罗",与《易纬·稽览图》中《震》《离》《兑》《坎》表征"生长收藏"相类;《筮法·四季吉凶》中春夏秋冬四季交替按"八卦卦气图"顺时、逆时方向发生由吉(大吉、小吉)转凶(小凶、大凶)的变化过程,又与《春秋繁露》所载阴阳二气消长盈虚同途,再次证实简文中"卦气"思想的印记。清华简《筮法》多节内容,汉代皆有所承,且与今本《周易》"卦气说"存在诸多相融、相通之处,"卦气说"由来已久。The appearance of Qinghua bamboo-slip Shi fa can enable us to further explore the origin and transmission of the gua-qi （equating seasonal points with the trigrams or hexagrams） theory. First, in the chapter of “Arrival” （zhi 至）, the saying that“when the four cardinal trigrams corresponding to the four due directions appear, the person will arrive” and related images of the trigrams are identical to the gua-qi theory concerning the four cardinal trigrams. Second, based on the numbers of five, nine, four, and eight stalks obtained in the milfoil stalk divination initiated by Zhu Xi 朱熹 （1130-1200） and the “Divinatory Board of the Great One with Nine Palaces”（Taiyi j iugong zhanpan太乙九宫占盘）, the correspondence of the numbers of eight, five, nine, and four to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter respectively men- tioned in the chapter of “Gain”（de 得） and the similar record in Huainan zi were talking about the gua-qi and were em- ployed in divination. Third, the association between the four cardinal trigrams with the cycle of plants＇ growth in a year men- tioned in the “Positions of the Trigrams” （guawei tu 卦位图） and “Figure of Human Body”（renshen tu 人身图） in Qinghua bamboo-slip Shi fa is similar to the related correspondence between the four cardinal trigrams and the four periods of plants＇ growth mentioned in the Yiwei 易纬（Apoerypha of the Changes） ; the shifts between fortune and misfortune with the shifts of the four seasons in accordance to the “Gua-qi Chart of the Eight Trigrams” （bagua guaqi tu 八卦卦气图） mentioned in thechapter of “Fortune or Misfortune of the Four Seasons” （siji ji.,riong四季吉凶] of the Shi fa were identical to the waxing and waning of yin and yang forces mentioned in the Chunqiu fanlu 春秋繁露（Outspreading of the Spring and Autumn An- nals）, which further shows the traces of the gua-qi theory in the Shi fa. Many contents of the Shi fa were inherited i

关 键 词：卦气 清华简 《至》 《得》 《卦位图 人身图》 《四季吉凶》 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]