国家作为分配社会善的封闭单位  

The State as a Closed Unit to Distribute Social Goods

作　　者：陈德中[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2015年第7期70-78,129,共9页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：现代国家是一种封闭的治理体系,"封闭性"乃其明显特征。理性主义政治哲学忽视乃至敌视"封闭性",故而我们只能回到政治现实主义,以"此时此地"的理论主张,找回对于国家"封闭性"的充分解释。在此解释的进路中,韦伯关于国家定义中的三个核心要素,即"至上性"、"疆域性"与"正当性"共同构成了对于国家"封闭性"的完整说明。"至上性"代表着国家在"法理意义上的封闭性","疆域性"代表着国家在"事实意义上的封闭性",而"正当性"则代表着现代政治对于国家的规范性要求。如果同时满足这三个要素,那么现代国家将变得"足够强大、足够统一、足够规范"。Modern state has been evolved into a closed unit to distribute social goods,so the closure is its distinguished characteristic.Because of the theoretical shortage of rationalism in political philosophy,which ignores,even holds a hostile attitude toward the closure of a state,we have to appeal to political realism to recapture its proper meanings.Following the latter,can we fully explain three core elements,'Supremacy'(i.e.sovereignty) /'Territoriality' and 'Legitimacy',included in Max Weber's famous definition for modern state.Jurisdictional(de jure) closure and territorial(de facto) closure are related to two former elements respectively,while the third one implies that a normative requirement should be fulfilled by a modern state.

关 键 词：国家 封闭性 政治现实主义 “此时此地”主张 

分 类 号：B822[哲学宗教—伦理学]