德罗伊森时代的学科之争——兼论德国现代史学的诞生  

The Conflict of the Faculties at the Time of J.G.Droysen:With a Comment on the Birth of Modern German Historiography

作　　者：吕和应[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,讲师成都610064

出　　处：《历史研究》2015年第3期148-168,192,共21页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"德国历史主义研究"(项目号13CSS003);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目"德国现代史学的职业化进程及其危机"(项目号skqy201414)以及"15世纪以来世界历史上重大社会转型研究"(项目号skgt201304)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在德罗伊森时代,现代人文学科逐渐成型,学科之争频繁上演。首先,在19世纪初,语文学与历史学一度十分亲近,历史学在借鉴语文学范式的基础上形成了德国现代史学,但随着语文学和历史学形成了各自的职业认同,二者便日益疏远。其次,黑格尔对语文学和历史学等新兴人文学科提出了尖锐的批评,他强调,除了"文本批判"之外,语文学和历史学更应该重视文本的教化功能;为证明自身的"科学性",语文学家和历史学家也进行了针锋相对的回击。再次,德罗伊森批判地继承了语文学理论和黑格尔的精神哲学,藉此向各种旧式史学理论发起挑战,以便为德国现代史学奠定方法论基础。在德罗伊森晚年,由于代际更替和范式转移,学科之争仍在继续。At the time of J.G.Droysen,the modern humanities were taking shape,and ' conflicts of the faculties' were frequently played out.In the early 19^(th) century,the relationship between philology and historiography was very close,and modern German historiography came into being on the basis of philological paradigms;however,as the two disciplines developed their own professional identities,they drew further and further apart.Hegel had also leveled sharp criticisms at some of the new humanities disciplines,urging that in addition to ' textual criticism,' they should pay more attention to the educational function of texts.To argue for the scientific nature of their activities,philologists and historians counterattacked.Droysen critically inherited philological theory and Hegelian Geistesphilosophie,thereby challenging old-style historiographic theories and laying a methodological foundation for modern German historiography.In his later years,owing to generational change and paradigm shifts, 'conflicts of the faculties' continued to spread.

关 键 词：德罗伊森 学科之争 历史知识理论 语文学 德国现代史学 

分 类 号：K516.4[历史地理—历史学]