日韩小网目南极磷虾拖网性能对比分析  

Comparative analysis on the performance of Japan and South Korea Antarctic krill mid-water trawls with small mesh sizes

作　　者：徐鹏翔[1] 许柳雄[1,2,3] 孟涛[1] 黄洪亮[4] 张勋[4] 周爱忠[4] 李灵智[4] 徐国栋[4] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学上海市远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]中国水产科学院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2015年第4期837-846,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：南极海洋生物资源开发与利用项目(D-8003-09-0158);上海市重点学科建设项目(S30702)

摘　　要：南极磷虾（Euphausua superba）是目前已知的地球上最大的单种生物资源之一,其巨大的生物量和潜在的开发价值日益受到各国的关注。本研究以中国南极磷虾捕捞船队引进的日韩小网目南极磷虾拖网为原型网,采用田内准则进行网具模型试验,比较分析其网具性能。模型网大尺度比λ分别为14（韩式网, Net B）和16（日式网, Net A）,平均小尺度比约为3,速度比为3。模型试验于东海水产研究所拖曳水池中进行。模型网试验速度分别为：0.345 m/s、0.428 m/s、0.513 m/s、0.599 m/s、0.685 m/s。L/S 取网具下袖端间距与下纲长度的比值,范围取0.4～0.55,以0.05为间距分4档。模型试验记录各档拖速和 L/S 下模型网的阻力和网口高度数据。按照模型换算准则换算得到原型网相应拖速下的阻力、网口高度和能耗系数等指标,分析网具的水动力性能。试验结果表明：（1）韩式磷虾拖网（192.60 m×110.50 m）网具阻力小于日式磷虾拖网（185.40 m×128.50 m）；（2）日式磷虾拖网在扩张性（网口高度、扫海面积）、经济性（能耗系数）以及滤水性（水动力性能）方面优于韩式磷虾拖网；（3）两顶拖网在水槽模型试验时,网口与网身水下运动时均可保持稳定,网身呈流线型,未出现凹凸现象；（4）日式南极磷虾拖网的阻力估算公式为：R＝1（0.24）2 R S Vρ-0.52；韩式拖网为：R＝1（0.177ρR S V-0.54）2 A e T B e T；综合两顶拖网得到的小网目南极磷虾拖网的阻力2估算式为：R＝1（0.209ρR S V-0.52）2 e T2。Antarctic krill （Euphausua superba） is one of the largest single biological resources on the earth, its large biomass and potential to support a large fishery has received increasing attentions of many countries. China began to be involved in the Antarctic krill fishery in 2009 when two large scale factory trawlers from Chinese fishing enter-prisers went down to the Southern Ocean for exploratory fishing. At the beginning, large mesh size trawl net redesigned based on Chilean Jack Mackerel trawl was used, and the fishing efficiency was not satisfactory due to poor match be-tween the net and the trawl doors, consequently the catch was much lower than those of Norway, Korea and Japan fish-ing fleets. In 2010, Chinese fishing vessel introduced 192.60 m×110.50 m krill trawl, a small mesh size specialized krill trawl from Korea, and fishing operation indicated that catch was also not satisfactory because of the limitation of the opening of net mouth. This was changed in 2012 when Liaoning Province Dalian Ocean Fishery Group of Corporations introduced the specialized krill trawler “Fu Rong Hai” from Japan and used the Japanese krill trawl （185.40 m×128.50 m small mesh size krill trawl） on board the fishing vessel, and the catch increased greatly. This study analyzes the per-formance of the two krill trawl nets described above, i.e., Korean krill trawl （referred to as Net B） and the Japanese krill trawl （referred to as Net A） by carrying out model experiment based on the Tauti’s law. Large scale ratio λ of the model net was chosen as 14 and 16, respectively, for Nets A and B. The average small scale ratio of the model net was 3; the ratio of towing speed between the full scale and the model net was 3. Model experiments were conducted in the towing tank of the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute. The towing speeds of the model net ranged from 0.345 m/s to 0.685 m/s with the interval 0.085m/s （equivalent to 2.0–4.0 kn with the interval of 0.5 kn for the full scale net）. The ratio of

关 键 词：南极磷虾 中层拖网 模型试验 网具性能 

分 类 号：S97[农业科学—捕捞与储运]