内外激励下高速列车齿轮箱箱体动态响应分析  

Dynamic Response Analysis of Gearbox Housing System Subjected to Internal and External Excitation in High-speed Train

作　　者：黄冠华[1] 王兴宇[2] 梅桂明[1] 张卫华[1] 梁树林[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]中国北车股份有限公司长春轨道客车股份有限公司,长春130024

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2015年第12期95-100,共6页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点(U1234208);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划重大课题(2013J008-A)资助项目

摘　　要：对高速列车齿轮箱箱体结构的动态响应特性进行分析。对齿轮传动系统内部和外部动态激励进行数值模拟,建立考虑轮齿啮合的高速列车动力车整车动力学模型,内部激励主要考虑齿轮的时变啮合刚度、轮齿啮合阻尼和传递误差,外部激励主要考虑异步电动机的谐波转矩和轨道激励,得到恒功率牵引工况下齿轮传动系统的动态载荷。建立齿轮箱箱体的有限元模型,利用直接积分法分析动态载荷作用下箱体的动态响应,并针对相关频率进行谐响应分析。结果表明,考虑轮齿啮合才能得到齿轮传动系统的高频振动,箱体结构能够满足正常的运营需求,异步电动机谐波转矩频率和齿轮啮合频率在箱体动态响应的主频中都有体现,在箱体结构设计时,应注意箱体自身模态频率与外界频率的错开,以免发生共振。In order to study the dynamic characteristics of gearbox housing in high-speed train, the internal and external dynamic excitations of gear transmission system in high-speed train are calculated by numerical simulation at first, and a multi-body dynamics model of motor car including the driving system subjected to internal and external excitation is established. In this model, the internal excitations include the time-varying stiffness, damping and transmission error, the external excitations include the harmonic torque of asynchronous motor and rail irregularity, then the dynamic forces generated in the gear mesh are calculated when the train running with constant power. What is more, the dynamic forces of housing bearing seats are obtained and loaded to the finite element model of gearbox housing, the dynamic response of housing is carried out using a direct integrate method and harmonic response analysis are also finished. The results show that the high frequency vibration of the gear transmission system can only be acquired when the gear meshing is considered in the dynamics model. The gearbox housing structure design is sufficient for operation requirement. Frequency of harmonic torque and the gear mesh frequency are also appeared in the dynamic response of gearbox housing. During the structure design of gearbox, it should pay attention that the gearbox mode natural frequencies need to avoid the meshing frequency and external excitation frequency, so as to prevent the resonance.

关 键 词：轮齿啮合 动态响应 齿轮箱 共振 高速列车 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]