神经毒性体外评价系统研究进展  

Research progress of in vitro systems for neurotoxicity evaluation

作　　者：屈哲[1] 吕建军[1] 林志[1] 霍桂桃[1] 杨艳伟[1] 张頔[1] 张硕[1] 李珊珊[1] 王雪[1] 汪巨峰[1] 李波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国食品药品检定研究院国家药物安全评价监测中心,北京100176

出　　处：《中国新药杂志》2015年第15期1702-1706,共5页Chinese Journal of New Drugs

基　　金：国家"重大新药创制"科技重大专项(2012ZX09302001)

摘　　要：神经毒性体外评价系统是以细胞培养、组织培养等实验方法为基础,利用生物化学、分子学、电生理学、形态学检验以及各种组学技术对毒物暴露致神经系统结构或功能损伤进行研究的评价体系。应用领域包括高通量筛选神经毒性化学药物和神经毒性作用机制的研究。体外评价系统与标准化的体内神经毒性实验相比,其优势在于灵敏度高、可重复性强,是更加有效和经济的替代方法,能够补充或增加体内实验数据。虽然体外评价系统具有诸多优点,但也不能完全替代更加复杂和完整的神经系统。如何将体外实验数据与体内实验数据相关联是研究者关注的主要领域。体外评价系统的研究不断发展,如细化检测终点、构建特定的组织培养模型以及拓展简化系统实现跨学科间的创新等。神经毒性体外评价系统不仅仅是风险性评价的主要方法,还是研究多类型神经毒物作用机制的重要方法。The in vitro systems for evaluation of neurotoxicity based on cell culture and tissue culture experiment method depend on the use of biochemical,molecular,electrophysiological,morphological examination and various ＂omics＂technologies to study structural or functional injuries of nervous system caused by neurotoxicant exposure. The scope of application of in vitro systems for evaluation of neurotoxicity includes high-throughput screening for neurotoxic chemicals and mechanism research of neurotoxicity. Compared with in vivo neurotoxicity testing,the advantages of in vitro evaluation systems have higher sensitivity and replicablity. In vitro evaluation systems are valid and cost-effective alternative methods and can often complement or enhance in vivo test data. Although in vitro evaluation systems have many advantages,they can not completely replace the more complex and intact nervous system. How to associate in vitro test data with in vivo test data is the main research topic. Study on in vitro evaluation systems is continuously developing,such as refinement of end points,establishment of histotypic culture systems for certain types of study,extension of reductionist systems for achieving interdisciplinary innovation and so on. The in vitro systems for evaluation of neurotoxicity may become not only a central approach for risk assessment but also for studying neurotoxicological mechanisms of different types of neurotoxicants.

关 键 词：神经毒性 体外评价系统 筛选模型 作用机制模型 

分 类 号：R971[医药卫生—药品]