基于特征模型的工具痕迹特征唯一性研究  

The Uniqueness of Toolmarks Based on Theoretical Characteristics Model

作　　者：杨敏[1] 牟丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东警官学院,广州510232

出　　处：《刑事技术》2015年第4期259-262,共4页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.61471134);广东警官学院教师创新团队项目(No.2015JSTD03)

摘　　要：工具痕迹是犯罪现场上出现率较高的痕迹,也是重要的痕迹物证。工具痕迹唯一性是其鉴定的前提。但是,针对工具痕迹唯一性问题却很少被关注。本文在使用工具制作痕迹的经验基础上,建立线条工具痕迹和凹陷工具痕迹细节特征模型,使用概率定量估算各类特征的出现概率,从理论上阐述工具痕迹唯一性问题,为工具痕迹证据在法庭取证和证据解释的科学性提供有力的理论支持。Tool marks are of the most often present on crime scene. The examination of toolmarks including impression evidence and the striation one has long been based upon the assumptions that a particular tool-mark may show uniqueness due to its physical characteristics and position relative to other marks. Obviously, the uniqueness of a toolmark is the premise of its identification. The theoretical issue of the uniqueness for toolmarks, however, has rarely been involved in the previous literatures. In this study, the theoretical models of individual characteristics for impressed and striated tool-marks were studied with the practice of toolmarks examination. The uniqueness of toolmarks was also studied by mathematical probability to identify the likelihood of occurrence. The results have proven the validity of the uniqueness for toolmarks, and in theory, provide supportive explanation for identification of toolmarks as admissible evidence in the court.

关 键 词：工具痕迹 鉴定 特征模型 出现概率 唯一性 

分 类 号：DF794.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]