弹性车轮动力学复合模型及其性能研究  

Dynamics Composite Model and Performance Study of Elastic Wheel

作　　者：杨阳[1] 李芾[1] 戚壮[1] 丁军君[1] 李涛 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]广州电力机车有限公司,广东广州510850

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2015年第4期93-100,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51305359);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2682014BR020)

摘　　要：为深入研究轻轨车辆弹性车轮的动力学作用,基于压剪复合型弹性车轮的结构,在弹性车轮动力学传统模型的基础上,综合考虑弹性车轮轮芯相对于轮毂的6个自由度,建立弹性车轮动力学复合模型。利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK进行仿真计算,对比分析传统模型和复合模型下弹性车轮车辆以及刚性车轮车辆的临界速度、平稳性、曲线通过性能和轮轨磨耗等指标。结果表明:由于传统模型未考虑车轮与车轴之间的偏转刚度和轮对两车轮之间的扭转刚度,因此计算误差较大;采用复合模型得到的弹性车轮车辆的临界速度、运行平稳性指标,以及通过小半径曲线时的轮轨横向力、轮轴横向力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等较刚性车轮车辆都有不同程度的降低;弹性车轮车辆的轮轨磨耗情况在直线通过时与刚性车轮车辆的相似,而曲线通过时相比刚性车轮车辆降低了约5.3%。For the further study on the dynamics effects of the elastic wheels of light rail vehicles, on the basis of the traditional dynamics model of elastic wheel, the dynamics composite model of elastic wheel was built based on the structure of the compression-shear compound elastic wheel and comprehensively considering the six degrees of freedom （wheel center relative to wheel hub） of elastic wheel. Simulation was carried through with multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK. Such indexes as the critical velocity, running stability, curve negotiation performance and wheel-rail wear of the vehicles with elastic wheels and rigid wheels were analyzed compared by both the traditional and composite models. The results show that the calculation error of the traditional model is greater due to not considering the deflection stiffness between wheels and axles as well as the torsional stiffness between two wheels. The critical velocity and running stability index of vehicle as well as the wheel-rail lateral force, wheel-axle lateral force, derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate through small radius curves obtained by the composite model for vehicle with elastic wheels has been more or less reduced compared to vehicle with rigid wheels. The wheel-rail wear of vehicle with elastic wheels is similar to vehicle with rigid wheels on straight line, but is reduced by nearly 5.3 % at curve negotiation compared to vehicle with rigid wheels.

关 键 词：弹性车轮 动力学模型 临界速度 运行平稳性 曲线通过性能 轮轨磨耗 轻轨车辆 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]