小学生营养午餐实际摄入情况研究  

Evaluation of Actual Intake From Nutrition Lunch Among Primary School Students

作　　者：代旭[1] 梁新新[1] 田景丰[1] 王良[1] 朱文丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生系,北京市100191

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2015年第23期2841-2845,共5页Chinese General Practice

摘　　要：目的：评价小学生营养午餐中各类食物及营养素的实际摄入情况，为营养午餐的相关政策制定提供依据。方法采用典型抽样的方法，于北京市丰台区选取4所中等规模、提供营养午餐的小学，共调查2663人。采用膳食分析软件分析学校营养午餐食谱的营养素供给量，包括能量、蛋白质、钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C，并与《学生营养午餐营养供给量（WS／T 100-1998）》（以下简称标准）及《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（2013版）》比较；根据学生午餐剩余情况，估算学生午餐各类食物的实际摄入情况，以及午餐主要营养素和能量的实际摄入量。以实际摄入量达到供给量标准的80％以及达到膳食营养素参考摄入量（ DRIs）中推荐摄入量（ RNI）的32％视为达标。结果受调查小学生中，6～8岁1131人，9～11岁1230人，12～15岁302人。相比标准，6～8岁谷类食物的供给量超过标准量，奶类供给为0，各年龄动物性食品的供给量均超过标准量，大豆及其制品、蔬菜类供给量均不足；能量、蛋白质、钙、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素C均供给不足。6～8岁和9～11岁谷类、动物性食品实际摄入量均超过标准量，大豆及其制品、蔬菜类实际摄入量不足；12～15岁谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜类实际摄入量均不足。不同年龄段谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品、蔬菜类实际摄入量达标率比较，差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.001）；其中6～8岁各类食物实际摄入量达标率均高于9～11岁和12～15岁；9～11岁谷类、动物性食品、大豆及其制品实际摄入量达标率均高于12～15岁（ P＜0.05）。6～8岁铁、维生素C实际摄入量超过标准量；能量、蛋白质、钙、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2实际摄入量均不足；9～11岁和12～15岁各类营养素Objective To evaluate the actual intake of various kinds of food and nutrients from nutrition lunch among primary school students , in order to provide evidence for the formulation of relevant policies . Methods By using typical sampling methods , four middle-sized primary schools in Fengtai District of Beijing that offered nutrition lunch were selected .A total of 2 663 students were included .Using diet analysis software , the nutrient supply by nutrition lunch was evaluated , including energy, protein, calcium, ferrum, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C.The evaluation results were compared with WS/T 100-1998 and 2013 Chinese DRIs.Based on the condition of lunch leftovers , we estimated the actual intake of various kinds of food from lunch and the actual intake of major nutrients and energy from lunch .We considered the case＆amp;nbsp;where actual intake reached 80% of WS/T 100 -1998 and 32% of RNI as reaching our standard . Results Survey in the primary school students , including 1 131 aged 6-8, 1 230 aged 9 -11, 302 aged 12-15.For the 6 -8 age group, the supply of cereal exceeded the standard , and dairy product supply was 0; for all age groups , the supply of animal food exceeded the standard, soybean, soybean products and vegetables were all in short supply , and energy, protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 and vitamin C were all in short supply.For the 6-8 age group and the 9-11 age group, the actual intakes of cereal and animal food exceeded the standard , while the actual intakes of soybean , soybean products and vegetable were inadequate; for 12-15 age group, the actual intakes of cereal , animal food, soybean, soybean product and vegetable were inadequate.For the actual intake of cereal , animal food, soybean, soybean products and vegetables , significant differences were noted in the rate of reaching standard among different age groups （P〈0.001）; the 6-8 age group was higher than the 9-11 age group and the 12-15 age group in the rate of the actual intakes o

关 键 词：营养政策 小学生 儿童营养科学 膳食调查 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]