基于点排队模型的多出口疏散优化模型研究  

An Optimization Model of Multi-exit Evacuation Based on Point Queue Model

作　　者：李明华[1] 袁振洲[1] 许琰[1] 臧广智 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2015年第4期166-172,共7页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB725403)

摘　　要：针对室内多出口条件下,行人自主疏散时盲目选择疏散出口而导致的出口利用不对称问题,本文基于点排队模型计算了行人从单个拥挤出口疏散所耗时间,并据此构建了室内多出口条件下行人疏散的出口选择优化模型,设计了该模型的混合遗传模拟退火求解算法.同时,进一步提出了出口选择确定的元胞自动机仿真模型,用于仿真评估包括本模型优化解在内的多个出口选择方案对疏散时间的改善效果.结果表明,本文所提出的模型和方法,能够保证各个疏散出口的利用率均衡,降低总体疏散时间,对制定可行的疏散计划有一定参考意义.In order to reduce the exit using imbalance caused by evacuees＇ blind exit choice during multi- exit room evacuation, we propose an optimization model of exit choice under the multi-exit room evacuation based on point queue model. While, a hybrid algorithm based on genetic and simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the optimization model. For demonstrating the effective, a cellular automata model with certainty exit choice decision is presented to investigate the influence of different multi-exit selection schemes on evacuation time, including the multi-exit selection scheme obtained by our optimization model. The comparative results show that the exit selection scheme obtained by our optimization model based on the point queue model can balance the utilization of the multi-exit during the evacuation and decrease the evacuation time. Thus, the optimization model is helpful to make oedestrian evacuation scheme.

关 键 词：城市交通 疏散均衡 优化模型 行人疏散 出口选择 

分 类 号：U293.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]