衍射精细测量仪的设计与实现  

Design and Implementation of Diffraction Apparatus for Accurate Measurement

作　　者：邹艳[1] 王红梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]德州学院,山东德州253023

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2015年第4期27-30,共4页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：山东省教育科学"十二五"规划课题(2011JG442)

摘　　要：材料的线膨胀系数、体膨胀系数、弹性模量等反映物质特性的参量是建筑物、桥梁、工件的设计中必须考虑的因素,对这些参量的测量由于物体的长度变化量非常微小,使得对其测量成为难点。本作品利用单缝夫琅衍射的衍射条纹对单缝的线性放大作用而设计,以波长为650 nm的半导体激光器为工作光源,实现了对微小长度变化量的精细测量。设计了可控比例杠杆,使衍射狭缝随被测材料的伸长按一定的比例变宽,扩大了测量范围和被测材料的种类。The parameters like linear expansion coefficient, the volume expansion coefficient, the modulus of e- lasticity and so on are the factors must be considered in designing plan of buildings, bridges or work pieces The measurement of the slight variation in length has been a difficult point,because it is too small. We design an apparatus applying the theory that single-slit diffraction amplifies slit＇ s width. The 650nm semiconductor la- ser is used as the work light source. Our experiment results indicate that the apparatus gets more accurate measurements than ordinary ones. The apparatus adopts controllable ratio leverage, so that it has an extended range of measurement because the single-slit widens proportionally with material expansion .

关 键 词：精细测量 单缝衍射 可控比例杠杆 微小长度变化 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]