美国少数族群问题和少数族群教育政策的发展  

The Issues of Minority Groups and the Development of Educational Policies for Minority Groups in United States

作　　者：何倩[1] 刘宝存[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海电机学院高等技术教育研究所,上海200245 [2]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2015年第8期14-22,共9页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"十一五"规划2010年度教育学重大(重点)课题"主要国家民族教育政策比较研究"(课题批准号:ADA100008)

摘　　要：美国是一个多民族、多种族的移民国家,其少数族群问题具有复杂性、长期性和历史性等特征。为了缓和族群间的矛盾和冲突,美国联邦政府陆续制定了一系列教育政策,其发展历程大致分为同化主义、"隔离而平等"、补偿性优惠和多元文化主义四个阶段。现行的少数族群教育政策主要包括入学机会均等、双语教育、课程与教材、教育经费投入、师资队伍建设等五个方面的内容。尽管这些政策在一定程度上提高了少数族群的教育水平,但仍面临着一系列的问题和争议。the United States is a nation of immigrants with multi-racial and multi-eth-nic groups. Its minority group issues are characterized by the complex,long-term and his-torical nature. The federal government has enacted a series of educational policies to reducethe ethnic conflicts and tensions,which could be divided into four periods： assimilation,separate but equal,compensatory preference and multiculturalism. These policies involvesenrollment equity,bilingual education,curriculum and materials,educational investmentand faculty development,which has aroused a lot of controversy and problems while has im-proved the development of minority education to some extent.

关 键 词：美国 少数族群 教育政策 

分 类 号：G75[文化科学—教育学] G712