上海老人吞咽障碍与营养风险及活动能力的研究  

Study of the relationship among dysphagia,nutritional risks and activity ablility of elderly people in Shanghai

作　　者：陈艳秋[1] 谢华[1] 徐丹凤[1] 陈敏[1] 宗敏[1] 俞中异 周霞[1] 孙建琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华东医院营养科

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2015年第4期238-241,共4页Geriatrics & Health Care

基　　金：达能膳食营养研究与宣教基金(DIC2011-07)

摘　　要：目的调查上海老人吞咽障碍的患病状况，并探讨其与营养风险、15常生活活动能力的关系。方法在上海综合性医院、养老机构及社区卫生服务中心随机选择65岁及以上的老人进行横断面调查。采用洼田吞咽能力评定法进行吞咽功能的筛查评估；微型营养评价精法（ mini nutritional assessment short form, MNA-SF ）及血红蛋白（hemoglobin，HB）、血清白蛋白（albumin，ALB）、上臂围、小腿围评定其营养状况；15常生活活动能力量表（Barthel指数法）评估其日常生活能力。结果共调查65岁及以上老人1019例，吞咽障碍检出率39．8％，90岁及以上老人和神经内科老年患者吞咽障碍检出率分别高达51．6％和53．2％，吞咽障碍患者的上臂围、小腿围、MNA—SF、HB、ALB及ADL评分均低于吞咽功能正常者（P〈0．01）。结论65岁及以上老人吞咽障碍的检出率较高，吞咽障碍者更容易伴随营养不良，日常生活活动能力也相对更弱。Objective To evaluate the incidence of dysphagia in elderly people in Shanghai, and to analyze the relationship among dysphagia Malnutrition risk, and ablility of daily living of the elderly people. Methods 1 019 elderly people were selected from 3 hospitals, 4 pension institutions, 4 community health service centers in Shanghai. Their swallowing ability was assessed by WATIAN, nutritional status was assessed by MNA-SF, HB, ALB, upper arm circumference and calf circumference, and daily living ability was assessed by ADL. Results The overall incidence of dysphagia was 39.8 % and the elderly people aged over 90 years was the highest （51.6%）. Meanwhile 53.2% of neurology elderly patients were reported had dysphagia. The upper arm circumference, calf circumference, MNA-SF, HB, ALB and ADL in patients with dysphagia were lower than those in patients with normal swallowing function （P〈 0.01）. Conclusions There is higher incidence of dysphagia in elder people, which is related to more nutritional risk and weaker ability of daily living.

关 键 词：吞咽障碍 营养不良 日常生活活动 老年人 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]