单性生殖动物的进化  

Evolution of Unisexual Animals

作　　者：周莉[1] 桂建芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2002年第4期329-334,共6页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (3 9870 43 0 ) ;中国科学院创新资助项目 (KSCX2 -1-0 5 )

摘　　要：传统的观念认为 ,单性动物由于失去了重组机会 ,必然难以适应变化的环境 ,终将绝灭。但是已被发现的近 5 0种单性脊椎动物不仅没有因失去基因的重组和交换而绝灭 ,反而表现出强大的生命力。其有害突变积累和较长的生物演化历程之间的矛盾和在缺乏遗传重组情况下的进化机制是特别引人关注的重大生物学问题。简要论述了单性动物独特的基因组结构、存在历史及其进化途径 (突变、三倍化、异精雌核发育生殖方式和异精效应及生殖方式多样化 )。Owing to the absence of genetic recombination and the accumulation of deleterious mutations,unisexual animals were generally thought to be short lived on an evolutionary timescale because of Mullers ratchet. However,more than 50 unisexual species have been identified in lower vertebrates and the evolutionary history has been revealed to be very long. The intriguing contradiction between the deleterious mutation accumulation and the evolutionary longevity,and the underlying mechanism in the absence of genetic recombination remain to be revealed and interpreted. In this review,we introduce special structural characterization of genome, evolutionary history and possible ways to evolutionary success in these unisexual animals, such as mutation, triploidy allogynogenesis and reproduction mode diversity.

关 键 词：单性生殖动物 进化 突变 异精雌核发育 三倍化 生殖方式 多样性 

分 类 号：Q951[生物学—动物学]