国外客观结构化临床考试在药学临床技能评估中的应用及对我国的启示  

Application of Objective Structured Clinical Examination to Pharmacy Clinical Skills Assessment in Foreign Countries and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：李嘉琪[1] 杨长青[1] 于锋[1] 丁选胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学药学院,南京211198

出　　处：《中国药房》2015年第27期3875-3878,共4页China Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的:为我国临床药学专业和药学专业学生的临床实践技能考核体系的建立提供参考。方法:检索国外药学客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)文献和相关网站,介绍美国、英国、加拿大、日本及马来西亚等国家的药学OSCE内容和药学OSCE的评价情况,并为我国高校临床药学专业和药学专业开展药学OSCE提出建议。结果与结论:OSCE已广泛应用于医学、护理等专业的临床技能考核。美国、英国等国已把OSCE应用于药学领域,并证实了其在药学学生临床技能考核方面的重要性。由于OSCE无统一的标准,不同国家、不同学校的药学OSCE考试项目略有不同,都是根据学校开设的课程和授课内容而决定,主要考察学生在药物治疗学、临床药动学、药物情报、药学监护、医患沟通及临床药物相关问题的鉴别和解决能力。国内很多高校药学院在已开设的相关课程中增加了学生的实践能力部分,但是缺乏相应的考核体系和考核方法,尚未将OSCE用于药学学生能力的评估。OSCE在药学教育中的应用时间较短,研究相对较少,建议国内高校借鉴国外药学OSCE方式评估学生临床能力,并结合我国的药学教育现状建立和完善适合于我国的药学OSCE。OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the establishment of clinical skills evaluation system in students majored in clinical pharmacy and pharmacy of China. METHODS： Retrieved from pharmacy OSCE literatures and the related websites, phar- macy OSCE contents and evaluation in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Malaysia and other countries were introduced to provide suggestions for clinical skills evaluation system in students majored in clinical pharmacy and pharmacy of Chi- na. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS：OSCE had widely applied in medicine, nursing and other professional clinical skills, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries had applied OSCE into pharmacy, and confirmed its important role in assessment of clinical competence in pharmacy students. There was no uniform standard in OSCE, and OSCE examinations were slightly different in different countries and different schools. Pharmacy OSCE usually based on school courses such as pharmacotherapy, clinical pharmacokinetics, medicine information, pharmaceutical care, doctor-patient communication, identification and solving ability of clinical drug-related issues. Numerous college of pharmacy in domestic colleges and universities has added the practice-based cours- es, but evaluation system and assessment methods are poor. Almost no OSCE is applied for the assessment of pharmacy students. OSCE has short application time in pharmacy education and relatively less study, therefore, pharmacy OSCE in foreign countries should be learnt to assess clinical skills of pharmacy students, establish and improve the pharmacy OSCE that is suitable for China by combining with the pharmacy education status.

关 键 词：客观结构化临床考试 临床药学 药学教育 启示 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]