回想、熟悉性与启动在编码过程的认知神经机制  

Neural Processing of Recollection, Familiarity and Priming at Encoding

作　　者：叶晓红[1,2] 陈幼贞[2] 孟迎芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]三明学院教育与音乐学院,福建三明365004 [2]福建师范大学心理系,福州350007

出　　处：《心理学报》2015年第9期1101-1110,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金计划项目(2014J05038);三明学院科学研究发展基金项目(A201319/Q)资助

摘　　要：为了探究基于回想和熟悉性的外显记忆及基于启动的内隐记忆在编码阶段的认知加工差异,该文采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,并结合迫选再认测验和相继记忆(Dm)范式,把学习项目分为四类:随后记住、随后知道、随后启动及随后忘记。结果表明,与启动关联的Dm效应表现在刺激后700 ms开始的中央区,随后启动比随后忘记更为负走向,即负走向的Dm效应;与回想关联的Dm效应表现为从400 ms开始的右前额区正走向Dm效应以及800 ms开始的枕区负走向Dm效应,而与熟悉性关联的Dm效应表现在300~400 ms的前额区及500~600 ms的顶区正走向Dm效应。为了进一步确定这些Dm效应与不同记忆类型的关联,第二个实验中在编码阶段同时设置了干扰任务,以探究编码干扰下Dm效应的变化,结果发现,在编码干扰的作用下,与启动关联的中央区负走向Dm效应仍有存在,而与两种外显记忆:回想和熟悉性关联的Dm效应发生了不同的变化,即在编码干扰下并未发现任何与回想关联的Dm效应,但与熟悉性关联的正走向Dm效应仍有存在,主要表现在600~800 ms的右侧额区。综合这些结果,表明回想、熟悉性与启动在编码阶段的脑机制应该存在着分离的现象。The distinction between neural mechanisms of explicit and implicit expressions of memory has been well studied at the retrieval stage, but less at encoding. Several studies employed a novel paradigm to measure explicit memory and priming-without-explicit memory in one test, and contrasted the neural signals of these two processes at the encoding stage via a Dm analysis. However, dissociations obtained in these studies are complicated because of the contamination from familiarity, a fast automatic process in which memory judgments can be driven by the increased fluency of reprocessing studied information. Familiarity is also a form of explicit memory but different from recollection. Growing evidence has indicated that familiarity-based recognition judgments might rely on the same process that supports implicit memory or priming. Therefore, it is necessary to concurrently acquire and compare the encoding processes yielding later recollection, familiarity and priming in a single test. In this study, a two-stage forced-choice recognition test was adopted within the subsequent memory （Dm） paradigm, so as to simultaneously acquire neural correlates of recollection, familiarity and priming in a single test. During the study phase, participants were instructed to judge the color of each word. There were two stages during the forced-choice recognition test phase. In the first stage, two words （one from the study list, and one new） appeared concurrently, and participants were instructed to indicate the studied word. If they could not recognize the studied word, a guess was permitted to make a choice. In the second stage, a cue to make a confidence judgment appeared directly following the recognition response, and participants indicated whether the foregoing studied-selection was based on remembering, knowing or guessing. Here, ＂remembering＂ refers to the retrieval of specific details from the study phase supporting the recognition decision, ＂knowing＂ refers to the recognition supported by a weak feeling of

关 键 词：回想 熟悉性 内隐记忆 外显记忆 Dm效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]