从皮尔斯的观点看《周易》的符号学性质  

On the Semiotic Nature of the Zhou Changes under Peirce's Vision

作　　者：方仁 林海顺(译)[2] 

机构地区：[1]庆北大学校人文大学,韩国大邱 [2]延边大学马克思主义学院,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《周易研究》2015年第4期36-46,96,共12页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：作者获得2008年度政府(教育科学技术部)财源韩国研究财团资助完成的研究成果

摘　　要：西方的符号学与《周易》从出发点到落脚点都是不同的。尽管有这种胎生的异质性,但两者之间还是存在所谓符号这样的重要交点。本文将对形成西方符号学分支之一的人物查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯(Charles Sanders Peirce)的符号学思想与《周易》进行比较哲学的考察。皮尔斯符号学的特征在于泛符号主义(pansemiotism)和连续主义(synechism),即把存在于宇宙中的所有一切都作为其对象领域,把所有事物都当作连续体来把握。与弗迪南·德·索绪尔(Ferdinand de Saussure)以语言为中心来分析符号相比,皮尔斯更倾向于根据思维来分析符号,即通过表象体、对象体和解释体三者关系来分析符号。为了再现本质对象,皮尔斯提出了符号三分法,即指示符、像似符和规约符。他还提出了不同于传统方法论的假设推理法,即对现有事实推论出最好或最近似的说明的方法。把皮尔斯符号学观点运用于《周易》,则卦象、卦辞和卦意是实现《周易》符号过程的三要素,《周易》符号具有类像的规约符号性质。占术范式是根据其定性的本性而被规定特征的特殊知识模型,假设推理法是占术范式中特征性的思维方式,对于科学发现具有重要意义。Western semiotics differs from the symbolic system of the Zhou Changes no matter in regard to their starting points or with respect to where they find footholds. Despite this innate heterogeneity, the point of intersection they share lies in the so-called symbols or signs. This paper makes a comparative philosophical survey of the relationship between the Zhou Changes and Charles Sanders Peirce＇s semiotics, a branch of Western semiotics. Peirce＇s semiotics is characterized by pansemiotism and synecbism： taking all things in the universe as its objective domain, and viewing all things and events as a continuum. In contrast to Ferdinand de Saussure who takes language as the center in his analysis of signs, Peirce is more inclined to analyzing the signs by thinking, i.e., analyzing signs through the triadic relation among the signifying representation, the signified object, and the interpretant. In order to make the essential object reappear, Peirce divided the signs into three kinds： index, icon and symbol. He also set forth a hypothetic reasoning law （＂abduction＂） different from traditional methodology, a method by which the best or the most approximate description can be achieved by available facts. If we apply Peirce＇ s views on semiotics to the Zhou Changes, the images, hexagram and line statements, and the idea can be regarded as the three elements in the semiotic process of the Zhouyi. The signs of the Zhouyi are symbols that possess iconic nature. A divinatory paradigm is a special model of knowledge, the characteristics of which are stipulated by their qualitative nature. Abductive reasoning is a featured mode of thinking in a divinatory paradigm, a fact that is extremely significant to scientific discovery.

关 键 词：周易 符号学 皮尔斯 泛符号主义 连续主义 符号过程 假设推理法 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B712.43