一种生态伦理替代学说——永续农业及其设计中的生态思想分析  

A Study of Ecological Thought in Permaculture Design:A New Kind of Practice of Ecology Ethics

作　　者：李萍萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第3期71-78,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：永续农业是澳大利亚的比尔?莫利森所创立的一个可持续农业的学派,是西方替代农业的类型之一,在国际上已产生较大影响。永续农业提出的目标是创建一个生态学上合理的,并且经济上可行的农村乃至城市的生活支持系统,其主要特征有:首先以人类活动为中心进行系统内的各种要素分区规划和整体设计,然后利用动、植物的固有性质并结合景观和建筑物的自然特性,建立以"食物林"为特色的生物多样性系统,以达到系统的总产量和稳定性最高,并尽量降低人的劳动付出、对自然的干扰和对环境的污染。永续农业与有机农业等其他替代农业类型在通过生物质循环利用来培肥土壤、减少化肥使用等方面有相同之处,但是它更强调对系统的整体设计,强调系统内乔木、灌木以及农田作物的布局,并且在系统创建之初不排斥适当地使用基于化石燃料的小型农机、化肥、技术设备等非生物资源。从永续农业设计的环境伦理来看,永续农业产生的初衷就是要减少对资源的过度利用和对环境的污染,它强调在设计中以人的需求为本、敬重生命体和保护生物多样性的统一。由此可以认为:永续农业既不是人类中心主义,也不是非人类中心主义,而是属于一种倡导关心地球、关爱人类、人与自然和谐相处的生态伦理替代学派。Permacuhure, one of the alternative agriculture models in western country and a school of sustainable agricultural development setup by Bill Mollison in Australia, has produced international effects. Permacuhure＇s goal is to create an ecological and economical life- supporting system for both countryside and city, and its main characteristics are as follows： the first is zoning plan centered establishment of a bio-diversity system with food-forestry as on human activities to place all elements; the second is distinguished features to reach the highest production and stability and to bring down labor forces needed, interference on nature and environment pollution by making use of the inherent traits of plants and animals and features of landscape and architecture. Although permaculture shares common practices with organic agriculture and other alternative agricultures like the use of biomass circle to increase the soil fertility and to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, it pays more attention to zoning plan of the whole system, stresses the layout of different plants including trees, shrubs and crops with the appropriate use of non- biological resources like fossil- fuel- based agricultural machinery, chemical fertilizer and technical equipment especially in the beginning. From the perspective of environment ethics, the original intention of permacuhure is to reduce the overuse and environment pollution of resources, and to integrate care for people, respect for living things and biodiversity. Therefore, it can be said that permacuhure is not anthropocentric nor non-anthropocentric, but rather it is an alternative school of ecological ethics advocating care for the earth, human and harmony between human and nature.

关 键 词：永续农业 设计 替代农业 生态伦理 

分 类 号：S-0[农业科学] B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]