油茶籽油和茶籽油的提取及其品质特性  

Extractions and Quality Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Oil and Camellia sinensis Oil

作　　者：甘秀海[1,2] 梁志远[1] 赵超[3] 周欣[3] 姜金仲 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院化学与生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550018 [2]贵州省生物资源开发利用特色重点实验室,贵州贵阳550018 [3]贵州师范大学天然药物质量控制研究中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2015年第9期181-185,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"茶叶籽仁水浆胶体特性及其静置发酵分层机理研究"(31460405);教育部项目"生物资源科学专业综合改革试点"(2012287)

摘　　要：为提高山茶属油茶籽和茶籽的利用率,采用超临界CO2萃取法、索氏提取法及压榨法提取油茶籽油和茶籽油,结合感官特性、理化指标、脂肪酸组分及抗氧化作用综合评价茶油的品质。结果表明:索氏提取法所得茶油提取率最高,油茶籽油和茶籽油的提取率分别为28.1%和20.5%;而压榨法所得油茶籽油和茶籽油均为浅褐黄色、透明并具有清香气味,油茶籽油的酸价、碘值和过氧化值分别为1.13mg/g KOH、88.87mg/gI2和0.51mmol/L;而茶籽油的酸价、碘值和过氧化值分别为1.16mg/g KOH、96.18mg/g I2和0.62mmol/L,油茶籽油品质相对较好。不同方法提取所得茶油中脂肪酸成分一致,主要为油酸和亚油酸。不同提取方法所得茶油对DPPH·和ABTS+·具有一定的清除能力,其中超临界萃取法所得的油茶籽油和茶籽油对DPPH·及ABTS+·自由基清除能力的EC50值分别为10.56μg/mL、14.17μg/mL和15.89μg/mL、18.23μg/mL,但均弱于VC。In order to improve the utilization rate of C.oleiferaand C.sinensis seeds.Camellia oil from C.oleifera and C.sinensis seeds was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction,soxhlet extraction and squeezing methods,the quality of Camellia oils was evaluated according to sensory index,physicochemical index,fatty acidic components and antioxidant activity.Results：Soxhlet extraction method was of the highest oil extraction rate,the extraction rate of C.oleiferaoil and C.sinensis oil was 28.1% and 20.5%respectively;Shallow brown yellow,transparent and fragrant smell C.oleiferaoil and C.sinensis oil were extracted by squeezing method,the acid value,iodine value and peroxide value of C.oleifera oil was1.13mg/g KOH,88.87mg/g I2 and 0.51mmol/L,respectively,while the acid value,iodine value and peroxide value of C.sinensis oil was 1.16 mg/g KOH、96.18 mg/g I2 and 0.62 mmol/L.The quality of C.oleifera oil was relatively better.The fatty acidic compositions of the oil from different extraction methods had no difference,of which,main compositions were oleic acid and linoleic acid.The Camellia oils from different extraction methods had certain radical scavenging ability against DPPH and ABTS＋,and the C.oleiferaoil of supercritical CO2 extraction showed better effect than the others,the values of EC50 were 10.56μg/mL,14.17μg/mL and 15.89μg/mL,18.23μg/mL,respectively,but weaker than Vc.

关 键 词：茶油 油茶籽 茶籽 超临界萃取法 气相色谱-质谱联用技术 脂肪酸 抗氧化作用 

分 类 号：TQ645[化学工程—精细化工]