“以谏为忠”与“以谏求名”——论晚明士大夫的谏诤观与政治生态  

Bureaucratic Literati's View on Remonstrating against Emperors and the Political Ecology in Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院中国史系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2015年第6期60-67,共8页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2013ZZ036)

摘　　要：在晚明士大夫的观念中,将针对皇帝而起的批评,要求皇帝行止、调整某一政策,显现出较强纠错诉求的激越建言之举视为谏诤,那些因此类建言而受到贬黜、廷杖等处罚的官员往往会获得忠臣的名誉。对谏臣之忠臣名誉的铺叙,以及不恤生死之进谏心迹的自陈,反映出晚明士大夫群体以谏为忠的主流政治价值观。反思谏诤的言论普遍存在,则对士大夫以谏求名现象的泛滥倾向构成一种制约。晚明以群臣好谏,政治舆论活跃为凸显的时代特征,但是也要注意到,晚明谏风大盛的另一面,是士大夫群体逐渐陷入一种无法逆转的政治角色困境中,他们看似强势的话语权却经常游离于具体政治运作之外,无力振作,直至明亡。In the late Ming Dynasty, with the purpose of persuading emperors to stop or change some policies, the bureaucratic literati always expostulated intensely. Those officials who had been dismissed or beaten at the royal court because of remonstrating against the emperor would be regarded as loyal ministers. The description of the reputation of those loyal ministers and their self - statement of fearless remonstration reflected the mainstream political value in late Ming Dynasty. Nevertheless, introspection on expostulation also generally existed, which restraints the abuse of this behavior. Officials in late Ming Dynasty were quite active in remonstration, but they were gradually caught in an irreversible dilemma of performing the political ideal of saving the society through expostulation but without concrete practice. The power of discourse of the bureaucratic literati were strong seemingly, however, they failed to participate in the political practice until the collapse of Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：晚明 士大夫 谏诤 政治生态 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]