中国7城市2农村学前儿童能量摄入调查研究  

SURVEY OF ENERGY INTAKE OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SEVEN URBAN AND TWO RURAL AREAS OF CHINA

作　　者：于盼[1] 王欢[1] 赵艾[1] 郑迎东[1] 张玉梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《营养学报》2015年第5期430-436,共7页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81172635)

摘　　要：目的了解我国学前儿童能量摄入水平,食物来源及城乡间差异,为促进学前儿童合理膳食提供科学依据。方法 2011年10月至2012年3月,利用24h膳食回顾法收集我国7城市2农村共计1022名学前儿童的家庭和学校膳食情况,依食物成分表计算其24h内的能量摄入量,并与我国2013版中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较。结果 (1)总能量摄入均值为6361.2k J/d,达到100%EER的比例为57.2%,城市地区学前儿童能量摄入水平及达到100%EER的比例均高于农村地区(P<0.001;P<0.001),且不同年龄组内、不同性别内城乡比较也存在较大差异。(2)总碳水化合物供能比为52.9%,脂肪为33.3%,蛋白质为13.7%。其中城市学前儿童脂肪供能比较高(33.2%),碳水化合物供能比相对较低(50.9%),农村地区三大产热物质供能比相对合理。(3)谷类是学前儿童膳食能量的主要来源,其次为动物性食物和油脂,但动物性食物和油脂提供的能量在城乡间存在较大差异,其中城市地区动物性食物提供的能量(1500k J)高于农村地区(515.9k J)(P<0.001),油脂来源的能量城市低于农村(677.0/752.2k J),差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论我国7城市2农村学前儿童能量摄入不太合理,城乡间存在较大差异,不同年龄组内情况也不相同,应根据具体情况制定针对性的膳食指导,促进学前儿童的合理膳食和均衡营养。Objective To investigate the energy intake, food sources and the difference between urban and rural areas of pre-school children in China, so as to offer targeted nutrition guidance for pre-school children. Methods From October 2011 to March 2012, we collected the family and school dietary intakes of 1,022 pre-school children from 7 urban and 2 rural areas in China using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Energy intake was calculated according to the composition of foods in China and also compared with the 2013 Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes （DRIs）. Results The average total energy intake of the subjects was 6361.2k J/d, and 57.2% of the investigated subjects have reached 100% EER. The energy intake and percentage reached 100% EER of pre-school children in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas （P〈0.001; P〈0.001）, and there were differences between urban and rural areas in specific age and gender groups. The contribution of carbohydrates, fat and protein to total energy intake was 52.9%, 33.3% and 13.7% respectively. Pre-school children from cities had a higher contribution from fat （33.2%） and a lower contribution from carbohydrates （50.9%）, while the result of those from rural areas was more proper. Grains were the main source of energy, followed by animal products and oil, but there was significant difference between urban and rural areas： energy from animal products was 1500kJ in cities and 515.9kJ in rural areas （P〈0.001）, while energy from oil was 677.0kj and 752.2kj respectively （P=0.002）. Conclusion The energy intake status of pre-school children from 7 urban and 2 rural areas in China is improper, and there are significant differences between different areas and even in different age groups. To improve the pre-school children nutrition and health, targeted dietary guidance is required.

关 键 词：学前儿童 能量摄入 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]