不同掺混比例生物柴油的非常规污染物排放特性  

Characteristics of unregulated emissions from biodiesel fuel with different mixing proportion

作　　者：许广举[1] 李铭迪[1] 李学智[1] 陈庆樟[1] 王忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,常熟215500 [2]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第21期227-232,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(51506011);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(15KJB470001);苏州市应用基础研究项目(SYG201515)

摘　　要：为了实现柴油机的清洁燃烧,需要系统研究非常规污染物的生成机理与排放特性。根据羰基类、芳香烃类物质的理化性质特点,提出了柴油机非常规污染物高效快速的测量方法,采用不同掺混比例的生物柴油进行了柴油机台架试验,探讨了不同燃料、不同工况下柴油机非常规污染物的排放特性。结果表明,二硝基苯腙采样结合高效液相色谱技术,可以实现柴油机排气中15种羰基类污染物的快速准确测定,活性炭吸附结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术可以实现芳香烃污染物的定性定量分析;中、低负荷时,生物柴油掺混比例对柴油机总羰基排放的影响不大,随着负荷的增加,BD50(生物柴油和市售0#柴油按体积比1:1配制的调合油)和BD0(纯柴油)的总羰基排放呈升高趋势,BD100(以地沟油为原料的生物柴油)的总羰基排放有所降低;BD0的单环芳香烃最大排放浓度最高,3种燃料的气相多环芳香烃排放在低负荷和高负荷工况点存在"双峰"特征,三环菲约占所有环数多环芳香烃总量的44%,燃用生物柴油可降低柴油机约32%的多环芳香烃排放。该研究为柴油机非常规污染物的排放控制提供了参考。As the alternative fuel of diesel, biodiesel has been applied widely. Apart from the regulated emissions like nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and particulate matter, the diesel engine produces unregulated emissions, such as carbonyl, mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal particles in the process of burning biodiesel. These unregulated emissions can be further oxidized and polymerized into other substances. And the unregulated pollutants are important precursor of carbon smoke and nitrogen oxides. In order to realize the clean combustion of diesel engine, it＇s necessary to study the formation mechanism and emission characteristics of unregulated pollutants. According to the physical and chemical characteristics of the carbonyl and aromatic hydrocarbons, this paper chooses appropriate sampling method, sample pretreatment method and sample separation and determination method, adopts derivatization method and high performance liquid chromatography method to measure carbonyl, and uses activated carbon adsorption tube and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze aromatic hydrocarbons. In a single-cylinder 186 diesel engine, this paper adopts biodiesel and blend fuel to carry out diesel engine bench test. The emission rule of carbonyl and aromatic hydrocarbons with different proportion under different condition is investigated. The ring number distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and the gas phase and particle phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are emphatically analyzed in this paper. The results show that, the dinitrobenzene hydrazone sampling method combined with high-performance liquid phase chromatography technology can realize the rapid and accurate determination for 13 kinds of carbonyl compounds, and at the same time, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants can be achieved by using activated carbon adsorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometr

关 键 词：生物柴油 柴油机 排放控制 羰基物 芳香烃 

分 类 号：TK464[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]