家庭养育环境与儿童发展:差别易感性假说  

Family Rearing Environment and Children's Development: The Differential Susceptibility Hypothesis

作　　者：马园园[1] 周荃[1] 邢淑芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理学系,北京100048

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第11期1931-1941,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：差别易感性假说认为儿童对养育环境的影响的敏感性不同,一些儿童比其他儿童更易受消极养育环境的不利影响,同时也更易受积极的、支持性养育环境的有利影响。首先本文阐述了差别易感性理论的基本观点和建立差别易感性的统计标准;其次,重点梳理了近年来差别易感性模型的行为、生理和基因方面的实证研究证据,即它们作为调节因素是如何调节养育环境对个体发展的影响;最后,对该领域研究的局限性和未来研究的方向进行了小结。The differential susceptibility hypothesis maintains that children have differential susceptibility to rearing environments＇ influence. Some children are not only more vulnerable than others to the negative effects of adversity, but also disproportionately susceptible to the beneficial effects of supportive and enriching rearing environment. Firstly, this article elaborated the basic theoretical perspectives of differential susceptibility theory and the statistical criteria for establishing differential susceptibility. Secondly, empirical research evidence consistent with differential susceptibility model in recent years was reviewed from behavioral, endophenotypic and genetic factors, namely, how these factors moderated the effects of rearing environments on the children＇s development as moderators. Finally, the limitations of previous studies and the directions of future researches were summarized.

关 键 词：差别易感性 养育 气质 生理 基因 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]