复数标记“们”和集合标记“们”  

The Plural Marker-men and the Collective Marker-men

作　　者：杨炎华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西西安西北大学文学院,710127 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2015年第6期78-88,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"论元选择中的显著性和局部性研究"(编号:14AY016);中国社会科学院首批创新工程"汉语儿童语法获得与认知发展";陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目"词缀(affix)和语缀(clitic)对现代汉语句法结构的影响"(编号:14JK1688);西北大学科研基金项目"句子中心差异与空主语(pro)现象"(编号:13NW23)等基金项目的资助

摘　　要：本文提出现代汉语的"们"应该分为两个:一个是表示复数意义(仅表不确数的复数)的复数标记,一个是表示集合意义的集合标记。复数标记"们"用在普通名词(包括代词和专有名词用作普通名词)或普通名词短语之后;集合标记"们"用在专有名词(包括代词和普通名词用作专有名词)或专有名词短语之后。所谓的[代词+们]复数形式表示单数意义,其实根本不是复数形式表单数意义,而是集合形式表单数意义,其中的"们"是集合标记。无论是复数标记"们"还是集合标记"们",它们目前都还是语缀。This paper argues that -men in Mandarin Chinese is best analyzed as two. One is a plural marker, which only indicates inexact quantity; the other is a collective marker. The former -men is attached to common nouns or noun phrases, also including the pronouns or common nouns used as proper nouns. However, the latter -men is only attached to proper nouns or proper noun phrases, also including the pronouns or common nouns used as proper nouns. Actually, the singular meaning of the structure [pronoun＋men] is conveyed by the collective marker -men, not the plural marker -men. In general, the word -men is always a elitie, whether or not it is used as the plural marker or the collective marker.

关 键 词：“们” 复数 复数标记 集合标记 语缀 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]