行距对晚播冬小麦群体的调节效应  

Regulating effect of row spacing on the population of late-sowing winter wheat

作　　者：薛盈文[1,2] 王志敏[1] 张英华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第11期3072-3078,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：北京市青年英才专项(YETP0300);公益性行业科研专项(201303133;201203031);国家自然科学基金项目(31401297);小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-25)资助

摘　　要：为了明确行距对晚播冬小麦群体的调节效应,在2011—2013年度,以“济麦22”为试验材料,在晚播条件下设置3个行距处理（12、20、30 cm）,比较了不同行距类型群体生育后期的冠层结构和冠层下部环境的差异、群体内植株个体性状及变异程度、产量和产量构成因素的变化。结果表明：行距缩小至12 cm,群体生育后期的叶面积指数显著提高,中上部冠层的光能截获显著增加、冠层下部的漏光损失显著减小;与20 cm和30 cm行距相比,12 cm行距群体内部的最高温度分别降低0.9和2.5℃,相对湿度增加0.3%和0.9%;行距缩小后,群体内单株性状的变异程度缩小,穗长和小穗数显著增加,单株穗粒重变异系数缩小,群体产量的稳定性提高,产量增加7.8%～24.5%。研究认为,窄行距（12 cm）播种有利于提高华北平原干旱缺水地区晚播冬小麦的群体产量。In order to investigate the effect of row spacing on the population of late-sowing winter wheat, a widely planted cultivar, Jimai 22, was sown with row spacing at 12, 20, and 30 cm （denoted as J12, J20 and J30, respectively） during 2011-2013. Canopy structure and environ- mental factors under the canopy, individual plant traits and their variations, yield and yield com- ponents were analyzed. The results showed that the population＇ s leaf area index in treatment J12 increased significantly during the late growth stage, the light intercept increased significantly and the loss of light leakage decreased apparently. Compared with J20 and J30 treatments, within J12 population the maximum temperature decreased by 0.9 and 2.5 ℃, and the relative humidity in- creased by 0.3% and 0.9%, respectively. The variation of individual plant traits in J12 treatment decreased, spike length and spikelet number increased significantly, and the variation of grain yield per spike decreased, which increased the stability of the population yield, and increased the grain yield by 7.8%-24.5%, compared with J20 and J30. It was concluded that narrow row spacing （12 cm） benefited the grain yield of late-sowing winter wheat in the areas with water shortage in the North China Plain.

关 键 词：行距 晚播 冬小麦 环境因素 单株性状 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]