车辆追随条件下驾驶员知觉行人危险的经验优势  

Experience Advantage of Driver to percept Pedestrian's Hazard Under Car-following Condition

作　　者：马锦飞[1] 常若松[1] 孙龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029

出　　处：《心理科学》2015年第6期1340-1346,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：辽宁师范大学青年科研基金项目(LS2014L017)的资助

摘　　要：采用反应时和眼动结合的方法,考察单一呈现行人危险和同时呈现行人-追随车辆双重危险条件下,驾驶经验对驾驶员知觉行人危险及危险搜索效率的影响。结果表明:(1)在单一危险条件下,不同经验驾驶员对行人危险反应一样快;(2)在双重危险条件下,经验驾驶员对行人危险反应更快;(3)驾驶经验有助于提高驾驶员对危险信息的加工效率。未来的驾驶培训需要加强新手驾驶员搜索模式灵活性的训练,才能切实降低他们发生行人事故的风险。Hazard perception refers to drivers’ cognitive process of identifying, predicting and reacting to the obvious and latent hazard. Previous studies have shown that both experienced and novice drivers were good at detecting pedestrian-related hazard. We doubted whether the experienced drivers can detect pedestrians well if the hazard were combined with a potential hazard（eg pedestrian and car braking together）. We therefore, conducted two experiments to explore different drivers’reaction time and their eye movements by setting two traffic scenarios：single hazardous condition（ only pedestrians） and multiple hazardous conditions（pedestrian combined with the vehicle in front of the driver）. In the first study, we used Tobii T120 type eye tracker to examine the behavior and eye movements by combined the reaction method and eye movements technique. Experiments is a 2 （traffic scene： pedestrian scene, pedestrians - the front car scene） ×3 （group： no driver＇s license, novice, experienced driver） mixed design, with traffic scene being the the within subject variable and the groups being the between subject variable. Participants were asked to watch a video of traffic scenes, when they detected a hazard, they should press the key immediately. The results show that： In the case of pedestrian-car condition, the experienced group’s reaction time is faster than novice group （p = .039） and no driver＇s license group （p = .013）, F （2,30） = 3.98, p = .029. No driver＇s license group’s average fixation duration on pedestrian was longer than the experience group （p = .043） and the novice group （p = .024）, F （2,30） = 3.39, p = .047, η2 = .18. No driver＇s license group’s level of searching breadth was less than （p = .006） the experienced group and the novice group （p = .016）, F （2,30） = 5.17, p = .012, η^2 = .26. In the second study, we further examined the impact of double hazard scene on drivers’ hazard perception and information processing efficienc

关 键 词：危险知觉 行人 驾驶经验 眼动 明显危险 潜在危险 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]