围栏禁牧与放牧对草地生态系统固碳能力的影响  

Effects of livestock exclosure and grazing on carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystem

作　　者：邹婧汝 赵新全[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第11期1748-1756,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA05070000)

摘　　要：草地生态系统固碳能力对全球碳贮量的大小有重要影响。放牧作为草地最广泛的利用方式之一影响着草地的碳贮量,过度和不合理的放牧方式造成草地退化,引起草地碳的损失。围栏禁牧与放牧对草地生态系统固碳能力的影响主要包括对植被生产力和土壤碳贮量的影响,本文对有关的报道进行了综述。结果显示,由于受植被凋落物、群落结构和气候等多因素的影响,围栏禁牧对草地植被生产力有正面或负面的效应;放牧对植被生产力的影响也没有一致的结果,此外,放牧对植被生产力的影响还与放牧的强度有关。围栏禁牧与放牧可以通过多种途径对草地土壤碳贮量产生正面或负面的影响。总之,围栏禁牧与放牧对草地生态系统固碳能力的影响是复杂多样的,需要对草地碳贮量进行估算,并对相关的机制进行研究,这样才能在草地管理方面做出合理的决策。Carbon sequestration in the grassland ecosystems has important effects on the global carbon stocks. Grazing as one of the most widely land usage methods affects carbon sequestration in the grassland. However,unreasonable and over-grazing can lead to grassland degradation which has negative effects on carbon stocks in the grassland.Livestock enclosure and grazing affect carbon sequestration in the grassland by altering the vegetation productions and soil carbon stocks. This review indicated that livestock exclosure and grazing had positive or negative effects on the vegetation production which were affected by some other factors and their interaction,such as aboveground litter,vegetation structure,climate conditions,and so on. The effects of grazing on vegetation production were also related to the grazing intensity. Livestock exclosure and grazing had positive or negative effects on soil carbon stocks by affecting many processes in the soil carbon cycling. In summary,the effects of livestock exclosure and grazing on carbon sequestration in grassland were complicated. In order to make the scientific decision on grassland managements,the estimations of carbon stocks and researches on the related mechanisms are necessary in the further study.

关 键 词：植物生产力 土壤碳贮量 碳循环 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]