现代汉语介词“按”的形成和发展  

Formation and Development of Preposition An( 按)in Modern Chinese

作　　者：石微[1] 

机构地区：[1]北华大学文学院

出　　处：《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第5期21-24,共4页Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：吉林省社会科学联合会项目"汉语介词产生的动因和机制研究"(省联1532-2);吉林省教育厅"十二五"社会科学研究项目"‘x着’类介词的语法化研究"([2015]第96号)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：现代汉语介词"按"来源于先秦动词"按"。"按"在先秦时期用在连动结构中,东汉时期,一些连动结构中的"按"可以重新分析为介词,介词"按"萌芽显现,魏晋南北朝至隋,"按"的介词用法逐渐成熟,宋代以后介词"按"进入沉寂期,直到清代,介词"按"的使用频率才大幅提高。连动结构是引发动词"按"语法化的句法环境,"按"由本义"用手向下压"经由"查验、考核"义演变为"依据"义。"按"的句法功能变化的机制是重新分析,"按"发生语义演变导致语法意义产生的机制是语用推理。The preposition An（ 按） comes from the verb An（ 按） in Pre-Qin Period. The verb An（ 按） was used in serial verb construction in Pre-Qin Period; An（ 按） was made a reanalysis in serial verb construction in the Eastern Han Dynasty,the preposition An（ 按） began to appear; From Weijin Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty,the prepositional function of An（ 按） was matured; The prepositional function of An（ 按） entered slow development state in Song Dynasty; The preposition An（ 按） enlarged in Qing Dynasty. Serial verb construction served as the syntactic conditions,originally as a word with the meaning ＂press down with the hand＂,An（ 按） became the functional word which means＂according to＂,through the stage meaning＂inspection＂or＂assessment＂. The mechanism of changing its syntactic function was to make a reanalysis,and the mechanism of semantic evolution was pragmatic inference.

关 键 词：“按” 动词 介词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]