中西太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要渔获物垂直结构的初步研究  

Vertical distribution of main species captured by tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific

作　　者：栾松鹤 戴小杰[1,2,3] 田思泉[1,2,3] 张艳波[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2015年第6期501-509,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：农业部公海渔业研究财政专项(08-54)

摘　　要：根据2012年7~11月金枪鱼科学观察员在中西太平洋采集的钩位深度以及渔获物的钓获钩位数据,分析了各钩位的上浮率和钓获鱼种的垂直分布结构,并比较了不同鱼种垂直分布的差异性。结果表明：（1）钓钩绝对上浮率变化范围为0.49~44.73 m,相对上浮率的变化范围为0.65%~16.69%,平均绝对上浮率为23.29 m,平均相对上浮率为8.87%。（2）12种主要渔获钓获深度范围差异很大,大魣（Lampris guttatus）的平均钓获深度最浅,为75.92 m,蓝枪鱼（Makaira nigricans）的平均钓获深度最深,为228.19 m。聚类分析显示12种主要渔获物可以分成3种垂直分布结构。（3）11种主要兼捕渔获钓获深度均与长鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus alalunga）钓获深度呈显著性差异。Albacore （ Thunnus alalunga）, one of the main target species of commercial tuna fishery, has great economic value and a long history of scientific research. However, studies on vertical distribution of pelagic species are rare in China, and this is the first time to study the vertical distribution of pelagic species in the Western and Central Pacific at home and abroad. Information of vertical distribution of pelagic species is important for the development of effective measures to mitigate bycatch, and very helpful for better understanding of the oceanic ecosystem structure and implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Learning this relationship will have a significant impact on both commercial fishing and sustainable development of resource. Data were collected by scientific observer in the Western and Central Pacific from July to December 2012. The operating range was from 06° 50＇ S to 18° 00＇ S, and from 160° 48＇ W to 173°08＇W, near the sea of Solomon Islands. There were 98 sets altogether in this area. The catch data contained catch species, fork length, set locations and fishing gear information like length of float line, length of branch line, main line length between branch lines and so on. The data of fishing gear were used to calculate caught depth by catenary equation. The actual average depth of each hook was measured based on the depth data recoreded by TDR. Based on depth data of longline hook recorded by TDR and capture hook position of pelagic species, shoaling rate of longline hook and vertical distribution were analyzed. The results were as follows： the absolute shoaling rate range of longline hook was 0.49 - 44.73 m, and the average absolute shoaling rate was 23.29 m. The relative shoaling rate rang of longline hook was 0.65% - 16.69%, and the average relative shoaling rate was 8.87%. The depth ranges of 12 main species were different. The species with the deepest depth was blue marlin （Makaira nigricans）, and the species with the shallowest depth was Great b

关 键 词：中西太平洋 延绳钓 兼捕 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S971[农业科学—捕捞与储运] Q959.483[农业科学—水产科学]