饥饿银鲳幼鱼的能量利用规律及其生存策略  

Energy Utilization Pattern and Survival Strategy in Starvation Juvenile Pampus argenteus

作　　者：闫雪梅[1] 谷江稳[1] 郭晓鸽[1] 巩建华[1] 徐善良[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第12期3975-3983,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：宁波市科技重大专项(2015C110003);国家星火计划项目(2013GA701045)

摘　　要：为了探究银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼在饥饿胁迫下能量的利用规律,分析测定了体重(2.61±1.05)g的银鲳幼鱼分别在饥饿处理0(S0组)、3(S3组)、5(S5组)、7(S7组)、9 d(S9组)后全鱼(去内脏)的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分等生化成分的含量及肝脏和胃肠道中的胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性。结果表明:1)鱼体粗蛋白质含量在饥饿期间显著下降(P<0.05),饥饿9 d时粗蛋白质累计损失率达到15.23%,粗蛋白质最大降幅出现在饥饿7 d时,达5.51%,此时肝脏及胃肠道中的胃蛋白酶活性也显著上升(P<0.05)。2)鱼体粗脂肪含量在饥饿前期下降较快,饥饿5 d时损失率即高达77.86%,此时肝脏及胃肠道中的脂肪酶活性也达到最高点,分别是S0组的1.5和1.4倍(P<0.05)。此后粗脂肪消耗显著减少(P<0.05),脂肪酶活性也骤然下跌。3)随鱼体粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量的下降,鱼体粗灰分含量则持续增加,饥饿3 d时较S0组增幅达1.7倍(P<0.05)。4)无氮浸出物在饥饿前期下降不显著(P>0.05),至饥饿9 d时骤降至0.61%,相对损失率达28.15%(P<0.05);此时,肝脏中的淀粉酶活性也由S0组的0.31 U/mg升至0.69 U/mg,达到峰值。5)鱼体比能值变化印证了饥饿银鲳幼鱼对能量的利用规律。由此可见,银鲳幼鱼在饥饿胁迫下的生存策略表现为:初期主要利用脂肪提供能量,随着饥饿时间延长,开始动用蛋白质作为主要能源物质,饥饿后期随着脂肪与蛋白质利用接近极限,只能加大对碳水化合物的利用。To reveal the energy utilization pattern of juvenile Pampus argenteus on starvation stress,the biochemical components such as crude protein,crude fat,ash contents of whole fish with gutted and the activities of pepsin,trypsin,lipase and amylase in liver and gastrointestinal tract were analyzed by using the juvenile P.argenteus [body weight：（ 2. 61 ±1. 05） g] in hunger 0（ S0 group）,3（ S3 group）,5（ S5 group）,7（ S7group） and 9 days（ S9 group）,respectively. The results showed as follows： 1） the crude protein content significantly decreased during starvation（ P〈0. 05）,the cumulative loss rate of crude protein was up to 15. 23 %in hunger 9 days,and the biggest loss rate appeared in the 7 th day which was up to 5. 51 %. At that moment,pepsin activity in liver and gastrointestinal tract significantly increased（ P〈0. 05）. 2） The crude fat content decreased rapidly in earlier starvation period,the loss rate of crude fat was up to 77. 86 % in hunger 5 days. At that moment,the activities of lipase in liver and gastrointestinal tract also reached their highest points which were 1. 5 and 1. 4 times of S0 group（ P〈0. 05）,respectively. Then the consumption of crude fat significantly reduced（ P〈0. 05）,and lipase activity also plummeted. 3） W ith the declining of crude protein and crude fat contents,the content of ash increased continuously which strongly increased 1. 7 times in hunger 3 days compared S0 group（ P〈0. 05）. 4） The nitrogen-free extract content was a non-significant reduced in earlier starvation period（ P〈0. 05）,while it decreased to 0. 61 % in the 9 th day,and the relative loss rate of crude protein was up to 28. 15 %（ P〈0. 05）. At that moment,amylase activity in liver increased from 0. 31 U / mg（ S0group） to 0. 69 U / mg,which reached the peak. 5） Change of energy content in fish body confirmed the energy utilization pattern of starvation juvenile P. argenteus. Thus survival strategy of juvenile P. argenteus in starvation is that it

关 键 词：银鲳 饥饿胁迫 生化成分 消化酶活性 生存策略 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]