民族社区妇女旅游精英角色:基于性别特质的演绎  

The Roles of Women Elites within Communities Engaged in Ethnic Tourism Based on Gender Traits

作　　者：褚玉杰[1] 赵振斌[1] 张丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2016年第1期37-48,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目"西部民族社区旅游开发中妇女参与与精英化问题研究"(10YJA840061);国家自然科学基金项目"西部乡村旅游社区多义空间构成与互动机理研究"(41171126)共同资助~~

摘　　要：社区精英角色研究是社会分层研究的重要内容,随着民族旅游的蓬勃发展,民族社区中诞生了妇女旅游精英,其角色对社区发展具有重要影响,在旅游研究中却未获得足够关注。文章利用扎根理论方法,基于西部4个省8个民族地区的22位妇女旅游精英的访谈资料思考妇女旅游精英的角色。研究表明,妇女旅游精英和普通社区精英皆为社区中的权威人物,其角色亦有积极与消极之分;但由于受到传统性别观念影响,妇女旅游精英多为非治理精英;同时,她们扮演民族"女性"艺术守护人和女性与弱者关怀者等具有女性特质的角色。As key players in the development of communities, and of relationships within them, elites have received considerable attention within rural sociology. In particular, the roles of community elites constitute an integral aspect of social stratification research. However, major questions relating to women have not been adequately examined in previous elite studies because of women＇s lack of representation among traditional elites within rural communities. These include the reasons it is so difficult for women to become elites, or why they are always on the periphery of community power structures. However, an investigation conducted by the World Tourism Organization（WTO） has revealed that there are about twice the number of women within the tourism industry compared with other industries. This is because tourism offers them better opportunities to become employers and managers. In western China, some women elites have emerged within communities engaged in ethnic tourism, which is flourishing. According to some studies, the factors associated with their emergence differ from those associated with the formation of other traditional elites within rural communities.However, few studies within the tourism literature have examined how these women have become elites and their roles within their communities. Thus, an examination of the roles of these women elites,and the significance of their impact on tourism management and community development, is pertinent.Based on our criteria for selecting individuals to interview, and for identifying female elites within tourism, we conducted 33 in- depth interviews in several different communities engaged in ethnic tourism. Our final sample, based on these interviews, consisted of 22 women from eight ethnic tourism villages located in four provinces in western China. We applied grounded theory in examining the roles played by elite women in relation to tourism within their communities. Our main conclusions were as follows.（1） Women elites within communities engaged in ethn

关 键 词：妇女旅游精英 扎根理论 精英角色 旅游社区 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]