基于网络模式的北京市城区小学生膳食营养状况调查  

Web-based investigation and assessment of dietary nutritional status among primary school students in Beijing urban area

作　　者：姜舒莹 郭秀花[1] 宋玉珍[3] 陶立新[1] 吴立娟[1] 段佳丽[4] 王虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京100069 [2]浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院 [3]北京市教育委员会体育卫生与艺术教育处 [4]北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第12期1791-1794,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：北京市教育委员会课题项目(PXM2013_014226_07_000037)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市城区小学生营养状况和能量、营养素摄入情况。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,在北京市东城区、西城区、石景山区分别抽取2所小学,在朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区分别抽取3所小学,抽中的15所小学的所有小学生经知情同意后自愿参加为期2周的网络膳食测评调查。采用《中小学生食物营养与热量摄入测评系统》进行基于网络的24 h膳食回顾法调查学生每日膳食摄入情况。结果参加网络膳食测评调查天数≥3 d的小学生有3 352名,小学生超重和肥胖检出率分别达到了13.2%和13.9%,男生(17.4%,16.8%)均高于女生(8.6%,10.7%),差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为56.57,25.57,P值均<0.05)。男、女生的平均每日能量摄入分别为(1 650.40±698.58)和(1 491.64±664.84)kcal(1 kcal=4.18 k J),蛋白质摄入分别为(63.94±28.66)和(56.70±26.35)g,男生高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.725,7.625,P值均<0.05)。男、女生维生素E、磷、钾、碘的摄入量过高(>120%参考摄入量),硫胺素、维生素B6、钙、锌等多种营养素摄入量不足(<80%参考摄入量)。结论北京市城区小学生超重肥胖问题突出,膳食营养素摄入不均衡,应加强营养教育,指导学生合理膳食。Objective To investigate the nutritional status,daily energy intake and nutrient intakes of primary school students in Beijing urban area. Methods Cluster random sampling method was applied to select 15 schools from six urban districts of Beijing（ Dongcheng district,Xicheng district,Chaoyang district,Haidian district,Fengtai district,Shijingshan district）. All the participants with written informed consent from his or her legal guardian took part in 2-week web-based dietary assessment investigation. Daily dietary intake of each student was obtained by a web-based 2-week 24 hour dietary recall,dietary nutritional status of each student was assessed and daily energy intake and nutrient intakes of all kinds were calculated. Results The detection rate of overweight and obesity was 13. 2% and 13. 9% respectively in primary school students,with boys（ 17. 4%,16. 8%） significantly higher than girls（ 8. 6%,10. 7%）. The dietary intakes of energy in boys and girls were（ 1 650. 40 ± 698. 58） kcal and（ 1 491.64 ± 664. 84） kcal,respectively; and dietary intakes of protein were（ 63. 94 ± 28. 66） g and（ 56. 70 ± 26. 35） g,respectively.Most nutrients intakes were higher in boys than in girls. The intakes of vitamin E,phosphorus,potassium and iodine were more than 120% of Dietary Reference Intakes. The intakes of several nutrients including riboflavin,vitamin B6,calcium and zinc were insufficient（ 〈80% Dietary Reference Intakes）. Conclusion The research identifies an increased rate of the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity and imbalanced intakes of nutrients among school-aged children in urban Beijing. Health education on rational dietary patterns should be strengthened.

关 键 词：膳食调查 营养状况 因特网 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]