头颈部鳞状细胞癌的分子发病机制  

The Research Progress of Molecular Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

作　　者：应畅[1,2] 肖伯端 王毅刚[1] 崔彩霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉科,杭州310015 [2]浙江理工大学生命科学学院新元医学与生物技术研究所,杭州310018

出　　处：《医学综述》2016年第1期51-55,共5页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81272687);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ13H160004);浙江省医药卫生科技计划(2014RCA022);杭州市医学重点专科专病项目(20130733Q36)

摘　　要：头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)在人体肿瘤中常见,有着极高的发病率和病死率,严重威胁着人类健康。随着分子医学、蛋白质组学和生物信息学等学科和技术的发展,许多与HNSCC发生、发展相关的分子靶点和相关信号通路被发现,其中最重要的两种是TP53和Notch,并且针对特异的突变靶点和信号通路进行的HNSCC靶向治疗也被广泛应用并取得了一定的治疗效果。抑癌基因TP53、细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制基因(CDKN2A)在HNSCC生长中具有负调控作用。Notch、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶催化亚基α、RAS和表皮生长因子受体等基因在HNSCC中出现高表达,它们通过激活突变、失活突变或表观遗传改变影响下游信号,与HNSCC的治疗密切相关。Notch基因更是有着抑癌和促癌的双重作用。此外,微RNA与HNSCC的发病也有关系。因此,深入研究HNSCC发病的分子机制,寻找新的治疗策略和治疗靶点,将对HNSCC的防治起到重要作用,同时对HNSCC患者的临床治疗也具有重要意义。Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma（ HNSCC） is one of the most common malignant cancers with high morbidity and mortality,which seriously threats human health. Along with the development of molecular medicine,proteomics and bioinformatics etc.,many molecular targets associated with HNSCC tumorigenesis and development and involved in signaling pathways are identified,including two most important TP53 and Notch. Moreover,several targeted therapies for specific mutations and signaling pathway of HNSCC have been widely applied and obtained a certain therapeutic effect. Tumor suppressor genes such as TP53,CDKN2 A play a negative regulatory role in HNSCC growth. Notch,phosphatidylinositide 3-OH kinase α,RAS and epidermal growth factor receptor genes are highly expressed in HNSCC. They can affect the downstream signals by activating mutation,inactivating mutations or epigenetic changing,hich are closely related to the treatment of HNSCC. Notch gene can not only suppress cancer,but also promote cancer. In addition,microRNA and the incidence of HNSCC are also related. Therefore,in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of HNSCC and looking for new treatment strategies and therapeutic targets will play an important role in the prevention and treatment of HNSCC.

关 键 词：头颈部鳞状细胞癌 分子靶点 关键基因 信号通路 

分 类 号：Q291[生物学—细胞生物学] R739.65[医药卫生—肿瘤]