对外汉语非言语交际要素教学  

On the Non-verbal Communicative Elements in the Teaching Chinese for Foreigners

作　　者：赵春利[1] 唐娜[1] 程晓丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院中文系,中国广州510632

出　　处：《海外华文教育》2016年第1期19-26,共8页Overseas Chinese Education

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南远航计划15JNYH002);国家社科基金一般项目"基于语义地图的句末助词多功能研究"(13BYY117);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"基于语言类型学的形名组合研究"(12YJA740114);2013年度暨南大学优秀本科推免生科研创新培育计划项目的资助

摘　　要：传统的对外汉语教学无论在教学内容还是教学方法上,主要的理论根据还是以语音、词汇和语法为核心的结构主义语言学,它促进了教学的系统化;后来接受了功能语言学的有关功能、交际的思想,它带来了教学的目的化;随着社会语言学以及相关学科的深入发展,语言研究领域的进一步拓宽,交际能力不再等同于单纯的言语能力,非言语要素在交往互动中的作用也成为学者们关注的焦点。作者就以交际社会语言学为理论背景,在研究语感的逻辑本质、语感培养的原则和语感教学的方法的基础上(赵春利,杨才英2002),以目的语交际能力的培养为探讨视域,提出:尽管基于听说读写的言语能力是目的语语感能力的核心构成要素,但是在实际的人与人的交往互动过程中,基于文化、心理和认知的表情、视线、眼神、手势、体态、体距、口气、语气等诸多非言语交际要素对语感能力的形成和交际能力的培养起着潜移默化的作用。因此,非言语要素在教学目的的确立、教学内容的编排、教学方法的运用和教师素质的培养上都具有重要的意义。本文旨在阐明非言语交际要素的性质、特征、内容及其在社会交际和课堂教学中重要性,明确对外汉语教学的目的——培养留学生使用汉语的社会交际能力。The theoretical basis of the traditional Chinese Teaching for Foreigners （CTF） in both the con- tents and methods mainly depended on structural linguistics, which divided langue into voice, vocabulary and syntax. Subsequently, the traditional CTF received the theories of functional linguistics such as the function and intercommunication. Along with sociolinguistics and concerned subjects quickly developing, the field of researching language has been expanded. Many scholars focused on the function of non-verbal elements in the interaction process and realized that communicative competence is different to pure verbal competence. According to the theory of interactional sociolinguistics,the definition of Language Consciousness （LC）, the principles for cultivating LC and the informative transformation teaching method, this paper attempts to prove that the non-verbal elements such as facial expression, gaze direction, ex- pression in one＇ s eyes, body language, gestures, proxemics, tone, mood and so on, which based on culture, mind and cognitive structure, exert a subtle influence on cultivating LC and communicative com- petence, although verbal competences of reading, listening, speaking and writing are the heart of LC. So non-verbal elements play an important role in deciding teaching aim, arranging teaching contents, emplo- ying teaching methods and cultivating teacher＇ s abilities. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the na- ture, characters, contents and importance of non-verbal elements in the process of both social communi- cation and language teaching. At the same time, we can realize that the aim of CTF is cultivate student＇ s social communicative competence.

关 键 词：交际能力 非言语要素 言语能力 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]