西周春秋时期“让”观念类型及其起源  

The Type and Origin of“Rang”at Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn Period

作　　者：韩中谊[1] 

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院思政部,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2015年第6期10-16,共7页Qilu Journal

基　　金：广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目"先秦两汉礼让文化及其当代价值研究"(2014WQNCX128)

摘　　要："让"观念在西周春秋时期即已流行。西周封建秩序的构建蕴含着强烈的防患纷争的意识,而随着封建秩序危机的不断加深,守分让上可视为对危机及社会秩序的巨大变迁所造成的挑战的回应。相比之下,让下情怀的兴起则缘于血缘纽带下的封建伦理和"民之父母"的观念,源于对践行让下情怀所附带的社会政治功能的洞察。推敌能让则是春秋最为重视的"让"的类型。在国际国内相争不断加剧的情势下,推敌能让与释礼共同构成了化解纷争的重要途径。此外,西周春秋时期也开始出现让位于贤的情形。它是在官爵世袭的制度安排下作为世族推举执政大臣的一种补充而得到提倡的。而让国于贤能的动议,则表明国家危机的加深、嫡庶制的日益松动和"让贤"观念的影响日深。Idea of＂Rang＂is first proposed in Western Zhou Dynasty.At that period,the construction of the order of feudal society implies a strong consciousness for avoiding conflicts.With the gradual deep crisis of feudal system,＂Rang-Shang＂（giving prior chance and benefits to higher status people）could be regarded as a response to the social crisis and dramatic changes of order.In contrast,＂Rang-Xia＂（giving up legitimate rights and interests for concerning lower status people）stems from the fraternal ethics（which is based on the feudal blood relationship）,the idea of＂parents of the people＂and the awareness of social political functions.Furthermore,the third and most important type of＂Rang＂is＂Tui-Di-Neng-Rang＂（becoming modest and giving profits to others because of the equality of social status and accessory chances）.Together with resorting to rules,the very type is treated as a significant means to resolve disputes.Besides,the fact of＂Rang-Xian＂（retiring and giving room to the better men,or giving chance to the elite and better men when appointed）comes up as well,which is promoted because of being a complement of electing ministers for the hereditary system.And the proposal of＂Rang-Guo＂（passing on the throne to the outstanding prince for nation）also reveals the conditions of the deepening national crisis and the loosing patriarchal clan system.

关 键 词：让 让上 让下 推敌能让 让贤 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]