美国“高质量教师”(HQT)计划述评  

Review of "Highly Qualified Teachers"(HQT)Plan of U.S.A.

作　　者：曾鸣[1] 

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学教育科学学院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2016年第1期115-128,共14页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2013年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"二战后美国联邦政府立法对教师教育影响研究"(项目批准号:13YJC880103)

摘　　要：为了促进教育公平和中小学教师质量提高,美国联邦政府在NCLB法案中提出了"高质量教师"(HQT)计划,并在实施过程中对该计划进行了改进和再授权。美国各州也纷纷颁布各种保障措施。HQT计划实施至今的成果主要表现为HQT比例稳步上升,各学科非HQT比例下降,学校之间HQT比例差距缩小。但同时还存在薄弱学校教师流失、选择性路径教师资格证书效果不理想、对多学科教师评价僵硬、HQT标准界定不合理等问题。总的来看,HQT计划实施过程中强调教育公平,重视法律为导向,注重发挥各州积极性,关注教师专业成长。In order to promote equity and enhance the quality of teachers in primary and secondary education, the federal government proposed HQT plan in NCLB Act, and in the implementation process has been improved and re-authorization. U.S. states have also enacted various safeguards. HQT Plan has already achieved significant results, HQT proportion rose steadily, the proportion of the multi-subjects of non-HQT significantly decreased, HQT proportion narrowed the gap between schools. But there are some problems such as teachers＇ high quit rate, questions about alternative teacher qualification, inflexible appraisal of multi-subjects teachers, HQT standards definition unreasonable. We can found that HQT Plan emphasize educational equity, implement the law as a guide, pay attention to the state initiative, and concerned about teachers＇ professional development.

关 键 词：美国 NCLB “高质量教师”计划 

分 类 号：G451.2[文化科学—教育学] G712[文化科学—教育技术学]