从儒家经权观的演变看孔子“未可与权”说的意义  

The Significance of Confucius' “Might Not Balance the Changeable Together” through the Evolvement of Confucian Idea of Changeable-Unchangeable

作　　者：吴震[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《学术月刊》2016年第2期23-33,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(13AZD024)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：关于孔子《论语》"可与共学"章的"未可与权"说,历史上的各种解释乏善可陈。汉唐儒学有关"权"的主流解释有二,一指权衡,一指权变。许慎释以"反常",公羊学释以"反经",均有训诂学上的依据。程颐批评汉儒"反经合道"说,提出"权只是经"这一颠覆性命题,认为孔子所言"权"即"权衡尺度"之义,具有"揆事物""量轻重"的标准义。这一解释符合"未可与权"之本意。朱熹却认定孔子"与权"与孟子"嫂溺援手"之"权"为同义——即与"经"相对而言的权变义,此解难以成立。孔子"与权"旨在强调这样一种愿景:只有可与共同权衡天下事务之人才是真正的同道中人,与这样的人一起才可以共享对政治、道德等社会公共事务的思考与判断,才可以共同承担重整秩序的重任。这才是对孔子"未可与权"说的一项善解。The various explanations to Confucius＇ ＂Might Not Balance the Changeable Together＂ （＂未可与权） in the paragraph of ＂Might Learn Together＂ of his The ~tnalects in the academic history are all not so satisfactory. In Han and Tang Dynasties, there were two main explanations to ＂balance＂, one is as being to balance, and the other is as being adaptable. Xu Shen, Gongyang School, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi proposed their explanations and reasons. While Confucius＇ ＂balance together＂ aims at such an vision that only those who could balance everything can be true comrades; and together with such people, can one share his mind and judgement on social affairs like politics and ethics, etc., for the purpose of readjusting social orders together. This is the correct explanation to Confucius＇ ＂Might Not Balance the Changeable Together＂.

关 键 词：孔子 与权 经权 反经合道 权只是经 共同权衡 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]