适宜含水率保持油茶籽贮藏品质  

Suitable moisture content maintaining storage quality of oil-tea camellia seed

作　　者：王亚萍[1] 石晓丽[1] 姚小华[1] 费学谦[1] 郭少海[1] 罗凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,富阳311400

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第4期256-261,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31400577);中央级公益性科研院所专项资金(CAFYBB2014QB036);浙江省重点科技创新团队计划(2011R50031)

摘　　要：为了确定油茶籽贮藏适宜的含水率,研究了在4℃,不同含水率(7%、10%、13%、16%、20%)油茶籽贮藏期间的品质变化。结果表明,较低的含水率能较好保持油茶籽的贮藏特性及营养品质。其中,含水率为7%的油茶籽贮藏效果较好,但与10%处理效果差异不明显(P>0.05)。在整个贮藏期,含水率为7%时油茶籽可溶性蛋白下降了13.05 mg/g,油酸含量下降了2.38%,酸值、过氧化值等品质指标上升速率较慢,同时能较好保持β-谷甾醇和角鲨烯等生物活性成分;其次是10%的含水率处理。而含水率为20%的油茶籽贮藏期间可溶性蛋白下降较快,贮藏结束时为25.47 mg/g,油茶籽劣变严重,所提取的油样品质变差,营养物质含量较少,因此含水率20%的油茶籽不适宜长期贮藏。综合考虑油茶籽品质因素和处理成本,认为控制含水率在10%以下能较好保持油茶籽的贮藏品质。该研究可为科学合理地贮藏油茶籽提供参考。Camellia seed oil is a kind of high-quality plant oil and has rich unsaturated fatty acids, but it is prone to oxidize and deteriorate during storage and processing. The quality of camellia seed oil is not only closely related to the processing and storage technologies, but also associated with the quality of raw material. Every plant presents its suitable moisture content, and too much or too little moisture could affect its growth and quality. The appropriate moisture content is therefore essential for the quality control, bioactivity and components of camellia seed. In this study, the effects of different moisture levels （7%, 10%, 13%, 16% and 20%） on the quality and nutritional changes of oil-tea camellia seed were investigated during the storage. The results showed that the physiological and nutritional quality of camellia seed could be kept well at the lower water content. The soluble proteins of camellia seed with 7% moisture was reduced by 13.05 mg/g during the storage, which was the least decline, and the reduction rate of soluble proteins of camellia with 20% moisture content was the fastest, which was basically the same with the change of soluble sugar. Too high moisture content could easily induce camellia oil’s rancidity and deterioration. The acid value and peroxide value of camellia seed in 20% humidity treatment group was the highest, and 7% treatment was the lowest. In addition, the composition of fatty acids in 7% treatment was more stable to maintain the oleic acid content of camellia seed oil, and the content ofβ-sitosterol and other nutritional indices could be kept well. In summary, the 7% moisture content of camellia seed was the better condition for the camellia seed storage, the 10% moisture content treatment was the second, and the treatment of 20% moisture content was the worst condition; and the same was its oil. Comprehensively considering the quality and the cost of the seed, the camellia seed with the moisture content of less than 10% could ensure the quality of seeds, while

关 键 词：水分 贮藏 品质控制 油茶籽 

分 类 号：S788.9[农业科学—林学]