电化学生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素检测中的研究进展  

Recent Developments and Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors for Aflatoxins Detection

作　　者：马海华[1,2,3,4] 张元[1,4] 甄彤[3] 孙楫舟[1] 夏善红[1] 

机构地区：[1]传感技术国家重点实验室中国科学院电子学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学研究生院,北京100080 [3]河南工业大学信息科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [4]粮食信息处理与控制教育部重点实验室,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2016年第2期132-140,共9页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：863计划(2012AA101608);国家自然科学基金(61401433)

摘　　要：黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉的次级代谢产物,具有剧毒性和严重的致癌性、致畸性和致突变性,摄入受黄曲霉毒素污染的农作物和食品会对人类和动物的身体健康造成极其严重的危害。基于十年来国内外的研究成果,从电化学传感机理方面概述了电化学生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素检测中的发展现状和应用前景,介绍了各类电化学生物传感器的工作原理、制备方法和检测性能。电化学生物传感器相比于传统的黄曲霉毒素检测方法,具有检测时间短、操作简单、成本低、便于微型化等优势。金纳米颗粒、碳纳米管等纳米材料的使用将进一步提高电化学生物传感器的灵敏度以及抗原或抗体的固定效率。超微电极技术、传感器阵列技术以及微流控技术的应用也将进一步提高电化学生物传感器在毒素检测中的性能。Aflatoxins are produced as secondary metabolites by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus para- siticus, which are known to be potent toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. The intake of agriculture products and food contaminated by aflatoxins may significantly threaten to the health of human and animals. On the basis of the researches all over the world over the past decade, this review gives a general overview of development situations and application prospects of electrochemical biosensors in aflatoxins detection, focusing on the electrochemical sensing mechanisms, fabrication methods and detection performances. Compared with the traditional methods for detecting aria- toxins, electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of fast, simple, low - cost, easy of miniaturization and so on. The use of gold nanoparticles,carbon nanotubes and other nanomaterials will further increase the sensitivity of the electro- chemical biosensors and the immobilization efficiency of the antigens or antibodies. Meanwhile, ultramicroelectrodes, sensor arrays and microfluidics will also improve the sensors＇ performances for toxins detection.

关 键 词：黄曲霉毒素 电化学 生物传感器 免疫分析 纳米材料 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学] TP212.3[理学—化学]