散粒煤对敞车静压力的三维有限元模拟  

3-D Finite Element Simulation of Granular Coal Static Pressure on Gondola Car

作　　者：王斌杰[1] 赵方伟[2] 李强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学轨道车辆结构可靠性与运用检测技术教育部工程研究中心,北京100044 [2]中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道学报》2016年第2期27-32,共6页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1134201);铁道部科技研究开发计划(2011J014A);北京高等学校青年英才计划(YETP0566)

摘　　要：以C70型敞车和散粒煤为研究对象,根据散粒煤的特性,采用修正的Drucker-Prager准则模拟其塑性屈服行为;根据土力学理论,认为散粒煤各向同性,采用线弹性模型模拟其弹性属性。基于有限元分析软件Abaqus,建立整车三维有限元模型,在车体底面、端墙、侧墙均设置面面接触类型,接触方法选择柔柔接触。利用有限元方法,对敞车车体静侧压力进行有限元模拟,得到静压力的等效应力、位移、侧压力响应结果。结果表明:与常用线性有限元方法计算结果相比,车体端侧墙等效应力较大;将侧压力与库仑土压力理论进行对比,侧压力沿敞车墙高呈非线性分布,且在顶部位置不为零;由于受车体结构的影响,端墙的侧压力值大于侧墙的侧压力值,而接近车体底部位置端墙的侧压力值小于侧墙的侧压力值,端、侧墙侧压力均在车体底部出现压力松弛现象,与试验结果一致。With Type C70 gondola car and granular coal as the research object,according to the characteristics of granular coal,revised D-P criterion was adopted to simulate its plastic yielding behavior.Under the theory of soil mechanics,granular coal was isotropic,whose elastic property was simulated by using linear elastic model.A 3-D finite element model of the car was established with finite element analysis software Abaqus.Surface-surface contact type was set on the bottom,end wall,side wall of the gondola car,and the flexible-flexible contact method was applied to deal with the contact relation.Finite element method was used to simulate static lateral pressure on the gondola car body until the Mises stress,displacement and lateral pressure response results of static pressure were obtained.The results showed that the Mises stress on the end wall and side wall was larger than the Mises stress calculated with the traditional linear finite element method.Comparing the lateral pressure with the Coulomb′s earth pressure theory,the lateral pressure distribution along the wall height of the gondola car was nonlinear,and the value at the top was non-zero.Due to the influence of the structure of the car body,the lateral pressure value of the end wall was greater than that of the side wall.Close to the bottom position of the car body,the lateral pressure value on the end wall was less than that on the side wall.The lateral pressure on both the end and side walls showed stress relaxation in the bottom of thecar body,which was consistent with the test results.

关 键 词：C70敞车 散粒煤 三维有限元模拟 DRUCKER-PRAGER准则 侧压力 

分 类 号：U272.2[机械工程—车辆工程]