孤独症谱系障碍儿童饮食行为调查  

Eating behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder

作　　者：赵永生[1] 匡桂芳 韩秀霞[1] 马爱国[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学公共卫生学院,山东266021 [2]青岛市妇女儿童医院心理卫生科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第2期184-186,189,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：青岛市科技局课题项目(KJZD-12-22-nsh)

摘　　要：目的了解孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的饮食行为,探讨改善ASD儿童饮食行为问题的方法,为指导ASD儿童的科学喂养提供依据。方法病例组为来自青岛某医院和某孤独症康复训练学校的2～6岁ASD儿童128例,对照组为青岛市数家幼儿园正常儿童133名,采用自编的儿童饮食行为问卷调查比较两组儿童的10种饮食行为与10类食物的选择情况。结果病例组每位ASD儿童出现饮食行为问题的总数是（5.9±1.9）个,高于对照组每位儿童的（4.7±2.4）个（Z=-4.068,P〈0.05）;ASD儿童进餐时离开饭桌的发生率为93.0%,需喂食的发生率为88.3%,吐食物的发生率为71.1%,扔食物的发生率为47.7%,尖叫的发生率为36.7%,而对照组儿童分别为73.7%,71.4%,58.6%,23.3%和17.3%,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。食物选择方面,病例组ASD儿童拒绝食用杂粮、豆类和鱼虾贝类的报告率均超过了30%,明显高于对照组（均不足20%）;病例组儿童食用水果的报告率为89.8%,而对照组儿童均食用水果,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论 ASD儿童普遍存在多种饮食行为问题,建议采取有效的干预措施进行矫正。Objective To investigate the eating behaviors and eating problems among children with autism spectrum disor- der（ASD）, and to provide basis for scientific feeding strategy for children with ASD. Methods Caregivers of 128 ASD children from one hospital and an autism rehabilitation training center in Qingdao, as well as 133 caregivers of typical children from several kindergartens in Qingdao were enrolled to complete a self-designed questionnaire about eating behaviors. The items included 10 types of eating behaviors and the preference of each food. Data were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results To- tal eating problems of the children with ASD was（ 5.9± 1.9）, which was significantly higher than that of control group（4.7±2.4, Z = -4. 068, P〈0.05）. Rate of leaving table at dinner, feeing by caregivers, spitting out food, throwing away food and screaming a- mong ASD children was 93%, 88.3%, 71. 1%, was 47.7%, and 36.7%, respectively, compared with 73.7%, 71.4%, 58.6%, 23.3% and 17.3% in control group（ P〈0.05）. Regarding to food selection, rate of refusing cereals, beans and shellfish in children with ASD was more than 30%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group （ less than 20% ）. The rate of accepting fruits in ASD children was 89.8%, compared with nearly 100% children reported eating fruit（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Children with autism spectrum disorder （ASD） have more eating problems. The need for an interdisciplinary approach to managing atypical eating patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders is highlighted.

关 键 词：孤独性障碍 饮食习惯 健康行为 儿童 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]