阿尔兹海默病患者语义记忆障碍特征性研究  

Semantic memory on patients with Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：腊琼 毛善平[1] 董慧敏[1] 郭晓洁[1] 王舜[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院神经内科,430060

出　　处：《卒中与神经疾病》2016年第1期1-5,共5页Stroke and Nervous Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者语义记忆障碍的特点,揭示语义知识在大脑中组织的性质。方法对43例AD患者及28例正常对照者进行一般认知功能测评和语义记忆评估。语义记忆评估选用常见的有生命类及无生命类物体,进行口头图片命名、口头声音命名、图片关联匹配、词语关联匹配测试。统计每一例被试对物体名称和物体语义关联匹配的正确比例,对数据进行群组分析和个体分析。结果与正常对照组相比,AD组对有生命物体和无生命物体的名称及语义关联匹配均有损伤。10例患者在有生命物体的语义任务上的成绩显著差于在无生命物体的语义任务上的成绩,而另外6例患者在无生命物体的语义任务上的成绩显著差于在有生命物体的语义任务上的成绩。结论 AD患者存在语义记忆障碍,部分AD患者可出现语义范畴特异性损伤,且可出现语义障碍的范畴双分离现象。这表明有生命物体和无生命物体范畴在大脑内相对独立表征,与大脑中语义知识的分布式表征理论一致。Objective To explore the features of semantic memory in patients with Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）,and reveal the representation types of semantic knowledge in the brain.Methods General cognitive ability assessment and semantic memory assessment were performed in43 AD and 28 normal controls.Semantic memory assessment included the oral picture naming,oral sound naming,picture associated matching and word associated matching which both have living things and nonliving things.The accuracy of naming and semantic associated matching tasks for the two category things were calculated.Group analysis and case analysis were taken to investigate the correlation and dissociation between these two category things.Results Compared with the normal controls,the AD patients were impaired in naming and semantic associated matching tasks both for living things and nonliving things.Ten patients performed worse for living things than nonliving things,another six patients performed worse for nonliving things.Conclusion There is semantic memory deficit in AD patients.Some AD patients show ＂category specific semantic deficit＂ for living things and nonliving things,there is double dissociation of semantic categories in AD.Living things and nonliving things are represented independently in the brain,which is consistent with the distributed semantic memory theory.

关 键 词：阿尔兹海默病 语义记忆 双分离 语义表征 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]