7种食用菌铅、镉、汞、砷含量监测及质量安全风险评价  

Content Monitoring and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Edible Mushrooms from Urumqi Municipalitu

作　　者：郑伟华[1] 王成[1] 张红艳[1] 冯婷[1] 王富兰[1] 杨莲[1] 肖英[1] 华震宇[1] 王贤[1] 曹双瑜[1] 帕尔哈提[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室/新疆农产品质量安全实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第2期396-401,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆农科院农产品质量安全重点实验室建设项目(xjnkkl-2013-003);新疆农科院青年基金项目(乌鲁木齐市食用菌重金属含量监测与质量安全风险评价;xjnkq-2013039)

摘　　要：对乌鲁木齐市售7种主要食用菌品种的重金属含量进行监测并评价其质量安全风险。分别采用原子荧光光谱法和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定5种鲜食用菌和2种干食用菌共计77个样品中的汞、砷、铅、镉含量,并利用单因子污染指数法评价7种食用菌的质量安全风险。结果表明,铅、镉、汞、砷的检出率分别是29.9%、100%、94.8%、100%;铅、镉、汞、砷4种重金属元素在鲜食用菌中的含量范围分别是:ND^1.4 mg/kg、3.7×10^(-4)~1 mg/kg、ND^0.414 mg/kg、4.6×10^(-4)~0.42 mg/kg;其平均含量分别是0.04511、0.06554、0.01270、0.06023 mg/kg。77个样品中有1个黑木耳(干)样品的铅含量超出国家标准、1个双孢菇样品的汞含量超出国家标准、3个香菇样品的镉含量超出国家标准,其中最高的超出国标4.14倍;铅、镉、汞、砷的超标率分别是1.4%、3.9%、1.4%、0%。由此可得,乌鲁木齐市售食用菌总体上重金属含量较低,质量安全风险较小,但香菇的镉污染情况较为严重。此外黑木耳(干)、双孢菇存在一定的安全隐患。To monitor the content of heavy metal in edible fungus in the market of Urumql and make assessment d their quality and safety risks, the content of mercury, arsenic, lead and cadmium in 5 kinds of fresh edible fungus and 2 kinds of dry edible fungi products in Uru- mqi, which added up to total 77 samples, were assessed by atomic fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spec- tremetry, respectively, and their quality and safety risks were assessed by method single factor pollution index. The result showed that the detection rate of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic were 29.9 %, 100 %, 94.8 % and 100 %, respectively, the content of lead, cad- mium, mercury and arsenic in fresh edible fungus were ND- 1.4 mg/kg, 3.7 × 10^-4 -1 mg/kg,ND -0.414 mg/kg,4.6× 10^-4 - 0.42 mg/kg, respectively, and their average contents were 0. 04511,0.06554,0. 01270,0. 06023 mg/kg, respectively. Of all the total 77 sam- ples, the content of mercury in one sample of agaricusbisporas and the content of cadmium in two samples of mushroom exceeded the Chinese national standard, of which the highest one was 4.14 times higher than that of Chinese national standard, and the over standard rate of cad- mium and mercury were 1.4 % ,3.9 %, 1.4 % ,0 %, respectively. It was concluded that the content of heavy metal in edible fungus in the market of Urumqi was rather low, so their quality and safety risks were low. However, the cadmium contamination was quite serious in mush-room; Besides a certain amount of potential safety risks existed in agaricusbisporus.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐市 食用菌 重金属 监测 评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]