生物质炭输入对土壤碳排放的激发效应研究进展  

Priming Effect of Biochar Addition on Soil Carbon Emission: A Review

作　　者：葛晓改[1] 周本智[1] 肖文发[2] 王小明[1] 曹永慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第2期339-345,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2014QA008;RISF2013002);林业公益性行业科研专项(201104008)

摘　　要：生物质炭因其特殊结构分解缓慢而长期固存在土壤中,在稳定有机碳库、增加碳库容量、保持土壤肥力、改变土壤质地方面具有重要作用。同时,随着生物质炭输入土壤团聚体结构、水分渗透性、养分吸附和微生物活性也发生改变,引起原位土壤有机碳周转改变的激发效应。文章综述了生物质炭输入对土壤环境、碳排放、生物质炭自身碳矿化的影响,对生物质炭-土壤互作产生的激发效应持久性、大小、方向和机制进行总结,即生物质炭输入后的正激发效应可能表现为生物质炭中可溶组分与微生物共代谢而促进生物质炭自身碳矿化;生物质炭添加引起的负激发效应可能表现为生物质炭诱发原位土壤有机碳更加稳定或生物质炭中易挥发有机物抑制原位土壤微生物活性而降低土壤碳排放。并根据目前的研究现状,就生物质炭输入量、与土壤微生物群落和植物的相互作用、生物质炭添加的风险预测和评估及开展长期研究的必要性等问题进行展望,以期为生态系统长期碳吸存研究奠定基础,为应对气候变化提供选择和参考。Recent studies have showed that by artificial biochar addition is one reliable way to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxideconcentrations. Biochar has slowly decomposition rate for the special construction and can be sequestrated in soil for a long time,which is important for stabilizing soil organic carbon storage, increasing soil carbon storage capacity, retaining soil fertility, andimproving soil texture. Biochar added in soil can chang soil aggregate structure, moisture permeability, nutrient absorption andmicrobial activity, causing a priming effect to transform soil organic carbon turnover. However, the reports about the priming effectof biochar addition are inconsistant. The effect may be positive, negative or not at all. The extent, direction and persistence ofpriming effect caused by interaction between biochar and soil remain uncertain. This paper reviewed the most recent literaturesregarding the effects of biochar applications on soil environment including soil carbon sequestration and emission, soil physical andchemical properties, microbial activity and the structure dynamic changes of biochar itself, and analyzed the extent, direction andpersistence of the priming effect of soil carbon by biochar addition.The positive priming effect on native soil organic carbonmineralization could be resulted from co-metabolic effect between labile components of biochar and microbial activities withimproving soil organic carbon mineralization. The negative priming effect on native soil organic carbon mineralization may becaused by increasing stability of native soil organic carbon or inhibitory native soil microbial activity. Finally, the paper summarizedthe existing problem including addition dosage, the interaction among biochar, soil community and plant, risk prediction andassessment by biochar addition and the necessity of longer study, which will lay the scientific basis for long-term ecosystem Csequestration and provide choose, reference for climate change.

关 键 词：生物质炭 土壤碳 激发效应 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]